Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Question
Book Icon
Chapter 13, Problem 13.139QA
Interpretation Introduction

To find:

a) Determine the rate law and the rate constant of the reaction at the experimental temperature for which the rate is given.

b) Draw the Lewis structure of peroxynitrite ion including all resonance forms and to assign formal charges on them.

c) Using the average bond energies, estimate the value of Hrxn0 using the preferred structure from part (b).

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 13.139QA

Solution:

a) The rate law for the given reaction is rate=kNO[ONOO-]  and rate constant,

k=1.30×10-3M-1s-1.

b) The Lewis structure of peroxynitrite ion including all resonance forms are given below.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 13, Problem 13.139QA , additional homework tip  1

c) The value of Hrxn0=-55 kJ

Explanation of Solution

1) Concept:

We are asked to determine the rate law and rate constant for the initial reaction rate data for each four sets of initial reactant concentrations. We could use equations similar to those used to derive a rate law expression from [NO] and [ONOO-] data in the given table. From the rate law expression and values of initial reactant concentrations, we can calculate the rate constant. By checking the atoms in the molecule ONOO-, we will draw the Lewis structure and resonating structures. From the formal charge, we could find out most preferred structure. Using the average bond energies, we could estimate the value of Hrxn0.

2) Given:

We are given the table for the values of initial concentrations and initial rates of NO and ONOO- in the four experiments.

Experiment [NO]0(M) [ONOO-]0(M) Initial Rate (M/s)
1 1.25×10-4 1.25×10-4 2.03×10-11
2 1.25×10-4 0.625×10-4 1.02×10-11
3 0.625×10-4 2.50×10-4 2.03×10-11
4 0.625×10-4 3.75×10-4 3.05×10-11

3) Formula:

Hrxn0=Bond broken-bonds formed

4) Calculations:

a) The general rate law equation can be written as

rate=kNOx[ONOO-]y

We can write rate equations for the all experiments as

2.03×10-11=k[1.25×10-4]x1.25×10-4y------------ (1) Experiment 1

1.02×10-11=k[1.25×10-4]x0.625×10-4y------------ (2) Experiment 2

2.03×10-11=k[0.625×10-4]x2.50×10-4y------------- (3) Experiment 3

3.05×10-11=k[0.625×10-4]x3.75×10-4y------------- (4) Experiment 4

Now, by taking the ratio of equation (1) and (2), we can find value of y.

2.03×10-111.02×10-11=k[1.25×10-4]x1.25×10-4yk[1.25×10-4]x0.625×10-4y

2.03×10-111.02×10-11=1.25×10-4y0.625×10-4y

2=[2]y

y=1

Now to find value of x, we have to put y=1 and take ratio of equation (2) and equation (3).

1.02×10-112.03×10-11=k[1.25×10-4]x0.625×10-41k[0.625×10-4]x2.50×10-41

12=[1.25×10-4]x[0.625×10-4]x×4

2=[2]x

x=1

So, we can write the rate law equation as

rate=kNOONOO-

Using this rate law and the values of concentrations and initial rates, we can find the rate constant.

So form experiment 1, rate law is

2.03×10-11=k[1.25×10-4][1.25×10-4]

k=2.03×10-11[1.25×10-4][1.25×10-4]

Rate constant,k=1.3×10-3M-1s-1.

b) To draw Lewis diagrams, we have to first find the total number of valence electrons in ONOO-

Element Valence electrons
Symbol Number of atoms In one atom Total
N 1 5 1 x 5 = 5
O 3 6 3 x 6 = 18
Negative charge 1
Valence electrons in NO3- 24

N is the central atom. The Lewis structure of ONOO- is drawn by completing the octet of each element present in the molecule.

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 13, Problem 13.139QA , additional homework tip  2

And the resonance structures are as follows:

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach, Chapter 13, Problem 13.139QA , additional homework tip  3

The first structure for ONOO- would be preferred because in that, the negative charge is stabilized in more electronegative O atom, and in other two structures,O has +1 charge, making the structure unstable.

c) To find the value of Hrxn0:

We got the values of average bond energies in kJ/mol, which was given in Appendix A 4.1.

Bond Bond energy(kJ/mol)
O-O 146
N-O 201
N=O 607

In the reaction mechanism, one O-O bond has been broken and one N-O bond has been formed. So Hrxn0 would be,

Hrxn0=Bond broken-bonds formed

Hrxn0=(146kJ/mol)-(201kJ/mol)

Hrxn0=-55kJ/mol

The estimated value of Hrxn0 is 55kJ/mol.

Conclusion:

a) The rate law for the given reaction is rate=kNO[ONOO-] and rate constant,

k=1.30×10-3M-1s-1.

b) The Lewis structures of peroxynitrite ion including all resonance forms are given above.

c) The value of Hrxn0=-55 kJ

d)

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Choosing reagents and conditions for acetal formation or hydrolysis 0/5 A student proposes the transformation below in one step of an organic synthesis. There may be one or more products missing from the right-hand side, but there are no reagents missing from the left-hand side. There may also be catalysts, small inorganic reagents, and other important reaction conditions missing from the arrow. • Is the student's transformation possible? If not, check the box under the drawing area. If the student's transformation is possible, then complete the reaction by adding any missing products to the right-hand side, and adding required catalysts, inorganic reagents, or other important reaction conditions above and below the arrow. • You do not need to balance the reaction, but be sure every important organic reactant or product is shown. + This transformation can't be done in one step. 5 I H Autumn alo 值 Ar B
A block of copper of mass 2.00kg(cp = 0.3851 .K) and g temperature 0°C is introduced into an insulated container in which there is 1.00molH, O(g) at 100°C and 1.00 2 atm. Note that C P = 4.184. K for liquid water, and g that A H = 2260 for water. vap g Assuming all the steam is condensed to water, and that the pressure remains constant: (a) What will be the final temperature of the system? (b) What is the heat transferred from the water to the copper? (c) What is the entropy change of the water, the copper, and the total system?
Identify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: H+ X + Y OH H+ O O Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X G 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Cente ? E

Chapter 13 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.11VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.12VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.13VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.14VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.15VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.16VPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.17QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.18QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.19QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.20QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.21QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.22QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.23QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.24QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.25QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.26QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.27QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.28QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.29QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.30QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.31QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.32QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.33QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.34QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.35QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.36QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.37QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.38QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.39QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.40QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.41QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.42QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.43QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.44QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.45QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.46QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.47QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.48QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.49QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.50QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.51QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.52QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.54QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.55QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.56QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.57QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.58QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.59QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.60QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.61QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.62QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.63QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.64QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.65QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.66QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.67QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.68QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.69QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.70QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.71QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.72QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.73QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.74QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.75QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.76QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.77QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.78QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.79QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.80QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.81QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.82QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.83QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.84QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.85QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.86QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.87QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.88QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.89QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.90QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.91QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.92QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.93QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.94QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.95QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.96QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.97QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.98QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.99QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.100QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.101QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.102QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.103QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.104QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.105QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.106QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.107QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.108QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.109QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.110QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.111QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.112QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.113QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.114QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.115QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.116QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.117QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.118QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.119QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.120QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.121QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.122QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.123QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.124QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.125QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.126QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.127QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.128QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.129QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.130QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.131QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.132QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.133QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.134QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.135QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.136QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.137QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.138QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.139QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.140QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.141QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.142QACh. 13 - Prob. 13.143QA
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY