Mathematics All Around (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134434681
Author: Tom Pirnot
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12.CT, Problem 6CT
To determine
To find:
The number of ways to present three projects for their senior seminar from a list of 12 possibilities.
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7. [10 marks]
Let G
=
(V,E) be a 3-connected graph. We prove that for every x, y, z Є V, there is a
cycle in G on which x, y, and z all lie.
(a) First prove that there are two internally disjoint xy-paths Po and P₁.
(b) If z is on either Po or P₁, then combining Po and P₁ produces a cycle on which
x, y, and z all lie. So assume that z is not on Po and not on P₁. Now prove that
there are three paths Qo, Q1, and Q2 such that:
⚫each Qi starts at z;
• each Qi ends at a vertex w; that is on Po or on P₁, where wo, w₁, and w₂ are
distinct;
the paths Qo, Q1, Q2 are disjoint from each other (except at the start vertex
2) and are disjoint from the paths Po and P₁ (except at the end vertices wo,
W1, and w₂).
(c) Use paths Po, P₁, Qo, Q1, and Q2 to prove that there is a cycle on which x, y, and
z all lie. (To do this, notice that two of the w; must be on the same Pj.)
6. [10 marks]
Let T be a tree with n ≥ 2 vertices and leaves. Let BL(T) denote the block graph of
T.
(a) How many vertices does BL(T) have?
(b) How many edges does BL(T) have?
Prove that your answers are correct.
4. [10 marks]
Find both a matching of maximum size and a vertex cover of minimum size in
the following bipartite graph. Prove that your answer is correct.
ย
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Mathematics All Around (6th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 14, you are selecting from the set...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 14, you are selecting from the set...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 14, you are selecting from the set...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 14, you are selecting from the set...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.1 - How many different two-digit numbers can you form...Ch. 12.1 - How many different two-digit numbers can you form...
Ch. 12.1 - How many different three-digit numbers can you...Ch. 12.1 - How many different three-digit numbers can you...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 1318, assume you are rolling two...Ch. 12.1 - Recall in Example 6 that you are creating outfits...Ch. 12.1 - Recall in Example 6 that you are creating outfits...Ch. 12.1 - Use the given diagram to solve Exercises 21 and...Ch. 12.1 - Use the given diagram to solve Exercises 21 and...Ch. 12.1 - Answer Exercise 21 assuming the diagram has six...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.1 - Assigning tasks. Stefans friends Amika, Pam, Li,...Ch. 12.1 - Making staff assignments. Suppose that the staff...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.1 - The role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons uses a...Ch. 12.1 - Dungeons & Dragons also uses 12-sided dice. How...Ch. 12.1 - Counting license plates. An eyewitness to a crime...Ch. 12.1 - Counting license plates. In a small state, the...Ch. 12.1 - For Exercises 33 and 34, use the figures below....Ch. 12.1 - For Exercises 33 and 34, use the figures below....Ch. 12.1 - Prince William and Duchess Kate are attending the...Ch. 12.1 - Prince William and Duchess Kate are attending the...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.1 - Stacking cans. In preparation for Thanksgiving...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.1 - In Exercises 4144, you are buying a triple-deck...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 4144, you are buying a triple-deck...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 4144, you are buying a triple-deck...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 4144, you are buying a triple-deck...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.2 - Assigning responsibilities. The board of an...Ch. 12.2 - Assigning positions. If there are 12 members on...Ch. 12.2 - Assigning officers. The Equestrian Club has eight...Ch. 12.2 - Assigning officers. If the Chamber of Commerce has...Ch. 12.2 - Choosing a stand up paddle board package. Kevin...Ch. 12.2 - Counting schedules. Jorge is using his educational...Ch. 12.2 - Counting meal possibilities. The early bird...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.2 - In games such as Dungeons 12, determine the number...Ch. 12.2 - In games such as Dungeons 12, determine the number...Ch. 12.2 - In games such as Dungeons 12, determine the number...Ch. 12.2 - In games such as Dungeons 12, determine the number...Ch. 12.2 - In Exercises 1316, using the digits 0,1,2,...,8,9,...Ch. 12.2 - In Exercises 1316, using the digits 0,1,2,...,8,9,...Ch. 12.2 - In Exercises 1316, using the digits 0,1,2,...,8,9,...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.2 - A truefalse quiz. In how many ways can you choose...Ch. 12.2 - A multiple-choice test. In how many ways can you...Ch. 12.2 - Planning a trip. Center City Community Colleges...Ch. 12.2 - A piano competition. In the Van Cliburn piano...Ch. 12.2 - Enumerating call letters. Radio stations in the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.2 - Counting license plates. In a certain state,...Ch. 12.2 - A pin tumbler lock has a series of pins, each of...Ch. 12.2 - A pin tumbler lock has a series of pins, each of...Ch. 12.2 - Counting routes for an armored van. A Wells Fargo...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.2 - Facial arrangements. A website enables you to...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.2 - Exercises 33 and 34 are alternative versions of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.2 - Assume that we wish to seat three men and three...Ch. 12.2 - Assume that we wish to seat three men and three...Ch. 12.2 - Assume that we wish to seat three men and three...Ch. 12.2 - In solving counting problems, it is often useful...Ch. 12.2 - What is the relationship between trees, slot...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. 4!Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. (85)!Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. (105)!Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. 107Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. 119Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. 1192Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. P(6,2)Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. P(5,3)Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. C(10,3)Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 112, calculate each value. C(4,4)Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 1518 find the number of permutations....Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1518 find the number of permutations....Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1518 find the number of permutations....Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1518 find the number of permutations....Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1922, find the number of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 1922, find the number of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.3 - Find the eighth row in Pascals triangle.Ch. 12.3 - Find the tenth row in Pascals triangle.Ch. 12.3 - Use the seventh row of Pascals triangle to answer...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 2730, describe where each number is...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 2730, describe where each number is...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 3144, specify the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 4548, determine the number of ways to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.3 - In Exercise 49 and 50, determine why the given...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.3 - A typical bingo card is shown in the figure. The...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.3 - A typical bingo card is shown in the figure. The...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercise 5568, use the fundamental counting...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercise 5568, use the fundamental counting...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercise 5568, use the fundamental counting...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.3 - In Exercise 5568, use the fundamental counting...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.3 - In Exercise 5568, use the fundamental counting...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 71ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 73ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 74ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 75ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 79ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 82ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 84ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 85ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 86ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 87ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 88ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 89ECh. 12.4 - Exercises 16 are based on the slot machine shown...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 16 are based on the slot machine shown...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 16 are based on the slot machine shown...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 16 are based on the slot machine shown...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.4 - Exercises 16 are based on the slot machine shown...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 712 deal with the poker hands described...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 712 deal with the poker hands described...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.4 - Exercises 712 deal with the poker hands described...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 712 deal with the poker hands described...Ch. 12.4 - Exercises 712 deal with the poker hands described...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.4 - Why are we using combinations rather than...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.4 - Playing poker. How many poker hands are less in...Ch. 12.CR - Prob. 1CRCh. 12.CR - The game Dungeons & Dragons uses a tetrahedral die...Ch. 12.CR - Prob. 3CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 4CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 5CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 6CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 7CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 8CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 9CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 10CRCh. 12.CR - You are going to serve gourmet cupcakes at your...Ch. 12.CR - Prob. 12CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 13CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 14CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 15CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 16CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 17CRCh. 12.CT - List all the ways you can select two different...Ch. 12.CT - Prob. 2CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 3CTCh. 12.CT - Use the sixth row of Pascals triangle to find the...Ch. 12.CT - Prob. 5CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 6CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 7CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 8CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 9CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 10CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 11CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 12CTCh. 12.CT - Write an equation that relates the expressions...Ch. 12.CT - Prob. 14CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 15CTCh. 12.CT - Prob. 16CT
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- 5. [10 marks] Let G = (V,E) be a graph, and let X C V be a set of vertices. Prove that if |S||N(S)\X for every SCX, then G contains a matching M that matches every vertex of X (i.e., such that every x X is an end of an edge in M).arrow_forwardQ/show that 2" +4 has a removable discontinuity at Z=2i Z(≥2-21)arrow_forwardRefer to page 100 for problems on graph theory and linear algebra. Instructions: • Analyze the adjacency matrix of a given graph to find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. • Interpret the eigenvalues in the context of graph properties like connectivity or clustering. Discuss applications of spectral graph theory in network analysis. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS3IZ9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 110 for problems on optimization. Instructions: Given a loss function, analyze its critical points to identify minima and maxima. • Discuss the role of gradient descent in finding the optimal solution. . Compare convex and non-convex functions and their implications for optimization. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 140 for problems on infinite sets. Instructions: • Compare the cardinalities of given sets and classify them as finite, countable, or uncountable. • Prove or disprove the equivalence of two sets using bijections. • Discuss the implications of Cantor's theorem on real-world computation. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qoHazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardRefer to page 120 for problems on numerical computation. Instructions: • Analyze the sources of error in a given numerical method (e.g., round-off, truncation). • Compute the error bounds for approximating the solution of an equation. • Discuss strategies to minimize error in iterative methods like Newton-Raphson. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forward
- Refer to page 145 for problems on constrained optimization. Instructions: • Solve an optimization problem with constraints using the method of Lagrange multipliers. • • Interpret the significance of the Lagrange multipliers in the given context. Discuss the applications of this method in machine learning or operations research. Link: [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wKSrun-GlxirS31Z9qo Hazb9tC440 AZF/view?usp=sharing]arrow_forwardOnly 100% sure experts solve it correct complete solutions okarrow_forwardGive an example of a graph with at least 3 vertices that has exactly 2 automorphisms(one of which is necessarily the identity automorphism). Prove that your example iscorrect.arrow_forward
- 3. [10 marks] Let Go (Vo, Eo) and G₁ = (V1, E1) be two graphs that ⚫ have at least 2 vertices each, ⚫are disjoint (i.e., Von V₁ = 0), ⚫ and are both Eulerian. Consider connecting Go and G₁ by adding a set of new edges F, where each new edge has one end in Vo and the other end in V₁. (a) Is it possible to add a set of edges F of the form (x, y) with x € Vo and y = V₁ so that the resulting graph (VUV₁, Eo UE₁ UF) is Eulerian? (b) If so, what is the size of the smallest possible F? Prove that your answers are correct.arrow_forwardLet T be a tree. Prove that if T has a vertex of degree k, then T has at least k leaves.arrow_forwardHomework Let X1, X2, Xn be a random sample from f(x;0) where f(x; 0) = (-), 0 < x < ∞,0 € R Using Basu's theorem, show that Y = min{X} and Z =Σ(XY) are indep. -arrow_forward
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