Chapter 12.5, Problem 4LTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of transformations the synthetic route should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.

Reduction Reaction: It is just opposite to oxidation reaction that is in involves addition of hydrogens or removal of oxygen atom from a molecule.

Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Hydroboration reaction: The reaction involves addition of ${\text{BH}}_{\text{3}}$ over alkene which makes ${\text{BH}}_{\text{2}}$ to bond with less substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds and $\text{H}$ to more substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds which finally carbon containing ${\text{BH}}_{\text{2}}$ gets oxidized in order to achieve the product with less substitution.

To identify: The synthetic route to accomplish the given transformations. Draw the structure for given substrate and product.

 (b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given set of transformations the synthetic route should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.

Reduction Reaction: It is just opposite to oxidation reaction that is in involves addition of hydrogens or removal of oxygen atom from a molecule.

Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Hydroboration reaction: The reaction involves addition of ${\text{BH}}_{\text{3}}$ over alkene which makes ${\text{BH}}_{\text{2}}$ to bond with less substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds and $\text{H}$ to more substituted position of carbon-carbon double bonds which finally carbon containing ${\text{BH}}_{\text{2}}$ gets oxidized in order to achieve the product with less substitution.

To identify: The synthetic route to accomplish the given transformations. Draw the structure for given substrate and product.