Chapter 12.4, Problem 1E

Suppose we want to graph an equation in $x$ and $y$.

(a) If we replace $x$ by $x-3$, the graph of the equation is shifted to the _____ by $3$ units. If we replace $x$ by $x+3$, the graph of the equation is shifted to the ____ by $3$ units.

(b) If we replace $y$ by $y-1$, the graph of the equation is shifted ______ by $1$ unit. If we replace $y$ by $y+1$, the graph of the equation is shifted _______ by $1$ unit