To distinguish: Between the transgenic and the genetically modified organisms. Introduction: The genetically modified organisms (GMO) are formed by the cloning and insertion of the gene into the genome of organisms. This confers new traits in these organisms after the induction of this gene inside the genome. For example: the induction of genes of resistance in the plants against insecticides. The technique of genetic engineering is used in bacteria to clone some genes of economic value like insulin, human growth hormones, tissue plasminogen activator factor, and hepatitis B vaccine. High yielding varieties of fruits like bananas, apple and grapes have been formed, which are included under the category of genetically modified organisms. The transgenic technology uses the embryonic stem cells, which have the ability to divide and differentiate. These cells are injected inside the body inside the organs, which are damaged and destroyed. It is used for curing diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson disease. The process of therapeutic cloning was used to generate clones of animals like dolly sheep.

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Chapter 12.3, Problem 1CYP

Summary Introduction

To distinguish:

Between the transgenic and the genetically modified organisms.

Introduction:

The genetically modified organisms (GMO) are formed by the cloning and insertion of the gene into the genome of organisms. This confers new traits in these organisms after the induction of this gene inside the genome. For example: the induction of genes of resistance in the plants against insecticides.

The technique of genetic engineering is used in bacteria to clone some genes of economic value like insulin, human growth hormones, tissue plasminogen activator factor, and hepatitis B vaccine. High yielding varieties of fruits like bananas, apple and grapes have been formed, which are included under the category of genetically modified organisms.

The transgenic technology uses the embryonic stem cells, which have the ability to divide and differentiate. These cells are injected inside the body inside the organs, which are damaged and destroyed. It is used for curing diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson disease. The process of therapeutic cloning was used to generate clones of animals like dolly sheep.

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*Example 2: Tracing the path of an autosomal dominant trait Trait: Neurofibromatosis Forms of the trait: The dominant form is neurofibromatosis, caused by the production of an abnormal form of the protein neurofibromin. Affected individuals show spots of abnormal skin pigmentation and non-cancerous tumors that can interfere with the nervous system and cause blindness. Some tumors can convert to a cancerous form. i The recessive form is a normal protein - in other words, no neurofibromatosis.moovi A typical pedigree for a family that carries neurofibromatosis is shown below. Note that carriers are not indicated with half-colored shapes in this chart. Use the letter "N" to indicate the dominant neurofibromatosis allele, and the letter "n" for the normal allele. Nn nn nn 2 nn Nn A 3 N-