Elementary & Intermediate Algebra
Elementary & Intermediate Algebra
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134556079
Author: Sullivan, Michael, III, Struve, Katherine R., Mazzarella, Janet.
Publisher: Pearson,
Question
Book Icon
Chapter 12.2, Problem 5E
To determine

To state: Whether the statement, “ The center of the circle (x+1)2+(y3)2=25 is (1,3)”, is true or false.

Blurred answer
Students have asked these similar questions
Assume that you fancy polynomial splines, while you actually need ƒ(t) = e²/3 – 1 for t€ [−1, 1]. See the figure for a plot of f(t). Your goal is to approximate f(t) with an inter- polating polynomial spline of degree d that is given as sa(t) = • Σk=0 Pd,k bd,k(t) so that sd(tk) = = Pd,k for tk = −1 + 2 (given d > 0) with basis functions bd,k(t) = Σi±0 Cd,k,i = • The special case of d 0 is trivial: the only basis function b0,0 (t) is constant 1 and so(t) is thus constant po,0 for all t = [−1, 1]. ...9 The d+1 basis functions bd,k (t) form a ba- sis Bd {ba,o(t), ba,1(t), bd,d(t)} of the function space of all possible sα (t) functions. Clearly, you wish to find out, which of them given a particular maximal degree d is the best-possible approximation of f(t) in the least- squares sense. _ 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -0.9 -1 function f(t) = exp((2t)/3) - 1 to project -1 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5…
An image processor considered a 750×750 pixels large subset of an image and converted it into gray-scale, resulting in matrix gIn - a false-color visualization of gIn is shown in the top-left below. He prepared a two-dim. box filter f1 as a 25×25 matrix with only the 5×5 values in the middle being non-zero – this filter is shown in the top-middle position below. He then convolved £1 with itself to get £2, before convolving £2 with itself to get f3. In both of the steps, he maintained the 25×25 size. Next, he convolved gIn with £3 to get gl. Which of the six panels below shows g1? Argue by explaining all the steps, so far: What did the image processor do when preparing ₤3? What image processing operation (from gin to g1) did he prepare and what's the effect that can be seen? Next, he convolved the rows of f3 with filter 1/2 (-1, 8, 0, -8, 1) to get f4 - you find a visualization of filter f 4 below. He then convolved gIn with f4 to get g2 and you can find the result shown below. What…
3ur Colors are enchanting and elusive. A multitude of color systems has been proposed over a three-digits number of years - maybe more than the number of purposes that they serve... - Everyone knows the additive RGB color system – we usually serve light-emitting IT components like monitors with colors in that system. Here, we use c = (r, g, b) RGB with r, g, bЄ [0,1] to describe a color c. = T For printing, however, we usually use the subtractive CMY color system. The same color c becomes c = (c, m, y) CMY (1-c, 1-m, 1-y) RGB Note how we use subscripts to indicate with coordinate system the coordinates correspond to. Explain, why it is not possible to find a linear transformation between RGB and CMY coordinates. Farbenlehr c von Goethe Erster Band. Roſt einen Defte mit fergen up Tübingen, is et 3. Cotta'fden Babarblung. ISIO Homogeneous coordinates give us a work-around: If we specify colors in 4D, instead, with the 4th coordinate being the homogeneous coordinate h so that every actual…

Chapter 12 Solutions

Elementary & Intermediate Algebra

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.1 - In Problems 9-24, find the distance d(P1, P2)...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.1 - In Problems 2536, find the midpoint of the line...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.1 - Find all points having an x-coordinate of 4 whose...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.1 - Baseball A major league baseball "diamond" is...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.1 - Evaluate (3)3. What is 273?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.2 - A __________ is the set of all points in the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.2 - In Problems 1526, write the standard form of the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 71ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 73ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 74ECh. 12.3 - A ________ is the collection of all points P in...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.3 - The line through the focus and perpendicular to...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.3 - In Problems 8 and 9, find the equation of the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.3 - In Problems 13-20, the graph of a parabola is...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.3 - In Problems 33-50, find the vertex, focus, and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.3 - Graph 4(y + 2) = (x 2)2 using the methods of this...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 73ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 74ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 75ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 78ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 79ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 82ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 12.3 - In Problems 73-84, graph each parabola using...Ch. 12.4 - An_______ is the collection of points in the plane...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.4 - In problems 1524, find the vertices and foci of...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.4 - In Problems 65-72, graph each ellipse using...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.5 - A(n) ___________ is the collection of points in...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.5 - In Problems 3538, find the equation for the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.5 - In Problems 39 42, write the equation of the...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.5 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.5 - In Problems 53-60, graph each hyperbola using...Ch. 12.6 - Solve the following system of equations using...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.6 - In Problems 13-20, solve the system of nonlinear...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.6 - Prob. 64ECh. 12 - Find the exact distance d(P1, P2) between points...Ch. 12 - Find the midpoint of the line segment formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 4PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 5PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 6PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 7PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 10PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 11PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 12PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 13PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 14PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 15PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 16PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 17PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 18PCTCh. 12 - Prob. 1RECh. 12 - Prob. 2RECh. 12 - Prob. 3RECh. 12 - Prob. 4RECh. 12 - Prob. 5RECh. 12 - Prob. 6RECh. 12 - Prob. 7RECh. 12 - Prob. 8RECh. 12 - Prob. 9RECh. 12 - Prob. 10RECh. 12 - Prob. 11RECh. 12 - Prob. 12RECh. 12 - Prob. 13RECh. 12 - Prob. 14RECh. 12 - Prob. 15RECh. 12 - Prob. 16RECh. 12 - Prob. 17RECh. 12 - Prob. 18RECh. 12 - Prob. 19RECh. 12 - Prob. 20RECh. 12 - Prob. 21RECh. 12 - Prob. 22RECh. 12 - Prob. 23RECh. 12 - Prob. 24RECh. 12 - Prob. 25RECh. 12 - Prob. 26RECh. 12 - Prob. 27RECh. 12 - Prob. 28RECh. 12 - Prob. 29RECh. 12 - Prob. 30RECh. 12 - Prob. 31RECh. 12 - Prob. 32RECh. 12 - Prob. 33RECh. 12 - Prob. 34RECh. 12 - Prob. 35RECh. 12 - Prob. 36RECh. 12 - Prob. 37RECh. 12 - Prob. 38RECh. 12 - Prob. 39RECh. 12 - Prob. 40RECh. 12 - Prob. 41RECh. 12 - Prob. 42RECh. 12 - Prob. 43RECh. 12 - Prob. 44RECh. 12 - In Problems 4345, find an equation for each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 46RECh. 12 - Prob. 47RECh. 12 - Prob. 48RECh. 12 - Prob. 49RECh. 12 - In Problems 4951, find the vertices and foci of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 51RECh. 12 - Prob. 52RECh. 12 - Prob. 53RECh. 12 - Prob. 54RECh. 12 - Prob. 55RECh. 12 - Prob. 56RECh. 12 - Prob. 57RECh. 12 - Prob. 58RECh. 12 - Prob. 59RECh. 12 - Prob. 60RECh. 12 - Prob. 61RECh. 12 - Prob. 62RECh. 12 - Prob. 63RECh. 12 - Prob. 64RECh. 12 - Prob. 65RECh. 12 - Prob. 66RECh. 12 - Prob. 67RECh. 12 - In Problems 6572, solve the system of nonlinear...Ch. 12 - Prob. 69RECh. 12 - Prob. 70RECh. 12 - Prob. 71RECh. 12 - Prob. 72RECh. 12 - Prob. 73RECh. 12 - Prob. 74RECh. 12 - Prob. 75RECh. 12 - Prob. 76RECh. 12 - Prob. 1TCh. 12 - Prob. 2TCh. 12 - Prob. 3TCh. 12 - Prob. 4TCh. 12 - Prob. 5TCh. 12 - Prob. 6TCh. 12 - Prob. 7TCh. 12 - Prob. 8TCh. 12 - Prob. 9TCh. 12 - Prob. 10TCh. 12 - Prob. 11TCh. 12 - Prob. 12TCh. 12 - Prob. 13TCh. 12 - Prob. 14TCh. 12 - Prob. 15TCh. 12 - Prob. 16TCh. 12 - Prob. 17TCh. 12 - Prob. 18TCh. 12 - Prob. 19TCh. 12 - Prob. 20T
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
Trigonometry
ISBN:9781337278461
Author:Ron Larson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Cengage
Text book image
Elementary Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9780998625713
Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-Smith
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Text book image
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781305115545
Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem Watson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781337282291
Author:Ron Larson
Publisher:Cengage Learning