Biology
Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 12.2, Problem 1CSC

Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin

The sequence of nucleotides in a gene determines the function of the protein that it encodes. The myostatin gene of Herefords and most other breeds of cattle has a nucleotide sequence that differs from the sequence in the Belgian Blue myostatin gene. The Hereford gene codes for a protein that limits muscle size; the Belgian Blue gene, however, codes for a completely nonfunctional myostatin protein, so their muscles become oversized. Both Hereford and Belgian Blue cattle breed true—their offspring have the same nucleotide sequence in their myostatin genes as their parents do, which occurs because DNA replication, from cell to cell and from parent to offspring, almost always produces exactly the same nucleotide sequences, time after time. How do cells replicate their DNA so precisely?

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You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?
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