Introduction Nematodes are roundworms, belong to the animal kingdom Animalia, phylum Nematoda, which are diverse species consist of 1million species. The morphological structure of this organism is slender, small in size approximately 5 to 100µm thickness and o.1 to 2.5mm in length. The shape of the body is ring, ridge, unsegmented worms having tubular digestive system with opening at both end. Mostly nematode lives in the environment like terrestrial, freshwater and saltwater. Nematodes characterized as both carnivorous or parasitic and herbivorous. It has major function in ecosystem in decomposition, breakdown of organic material and nutrient cycle.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 12, Problem 9R

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Nematodes are roundworms, belong to the animal kingdom Animalia, phylum Nematoda, which are diverse species consist of 1million species. The morphological structure of this organism is slender, small in size approximately 5 to 100µm thickness and o.1 to 2.5mm in length. The shape of the body is ring, ridge, unsegmented worms having tubular digestive system with opening at both end. Mostly nematode lives in the environment like terrestrial, freshwater and saltwater. Nematodes characterized as both carnivorous or parasitic and herbivorous. It has major function in ecosystem in decomposition, breakdown of organic material and nutrient cycle.

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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 12, Problem 9R

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Nematodes are roundworms, belong to the animal kingdom Animalia, phylum Nematoda, which are diverse species consist of 1million species. The morphological structure of this organism is slender, small in size approximately 5 to 100µm thickness and o.1 to 2.5mm in length. The shape of the body is ring, ridge, unsegmented worms having tubular digestive system with opening at both end. Mostly nematode lives in the environment like terrestrial, freshwater and saltwater. Nematodes characterized as both carnivorous or parasitic and herbivorous. It has major function in ecosystem in decomposition, breakdown of organic material and nutrient cycle.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 12, Problem 9R

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Nematodes are roundworms, belong to the animal kingdom Animalia, phylum Nematoda, which are diverse species consist of 1million species. The morphological structure of this organism is slender, small in size approximately 5 to 100µm thickness and o.1 to 2.5mm in length. The shape of the body is ring, ridge, unsegmented worms having tubular digestive system with opening at both end. Mostly nematode lives in the environment like terrestrial, freshwater and saltwater. Nematodes characterized as both carnivorous or parasitic and herbivorous. It has major function in ecosystem in decomposition, breakdown of organic material and nutrient cycle.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 12, Problem 9R

Summary Introduction