
Concept explainers
(a)
To determine:
The frequency of the gray allele
Introduction:
Evolution occurs due to change in allele frequencies. The frequency of an allele is calculated as:

Explanation of Solution
It has been mentioned that there are
where,
where,
Thus, frequency of the gray allele
(b)
To determine:
The frequency of the green allele
Introduction:
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.

Explanation of Solution
(c)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are heterozygotes
Introduction:
Individuals that contain different alleles of a gene are called heterozygous. Individuals that carry two identical alleles of a gene are called homozygous. In case of homozygous individual, the identical alleles may be either dominant or recessive.

Explanation of Solution
There are
(d)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous recessive (
Introduction:
The study of population genetics is based on the relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies. Some or all the assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are violated in a real population.

Explanation of Solution
(e)
To determine:
The number of Fraggles that are homozygous dominant (
Introduction:
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium allows inferring characteristics of a population based on limited information. The genotype frequencies in a population can be estimated using allele frequencies.

Explanation of Solution
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