8th Edition

ISBN: 9781285463261

Author: Douglas Smith, Maurice Eggen, Richard St. Andre

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Statements and Logic

Logic is the analysis of general patterns of thoughts without regard to any specific sense of context.

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Textbook Question

Chapter 1.2, Problem 7E

Make truth tables for these propositional forms.
(a) P ⇒ ( Q ∧ P ) .
(b) ( ∼ P ⇒ Q ) ∨ ( Q ⇔ P ) .
(c) ∼ Q ⇒ ( Q ⇔ P ) .
(d) ( P ∨ Q ) ⇒ ( P ∧ Q ) .
(e) ( P ∧ Q ) ∨ ( Q ∧ R ) ⇒ P ∨ R .
(f) [ ( Q ⇒ S ) ∧ ( Q ⇒ R ) ] ⇒ [ ( P ∨ Q ) ⇒ ( S ∨ R ) ] .

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Chapter 1.2, Problem 6E

Chapter 1.2, Problem 8E

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Chapter 1 Solutions

A Transition to Advanced Mathematics

Ch. 1.1 - Which of the following are propositions? Give the...Ch. 1.1 - For each pair of statements, determine whether the...Ch. 1.1 - Make a truth table for each of the following...Ch. 1.1 - If P, Q, and R are true while S and K are false,...Ch. 1.1 - Use truth tables to verify each part of Theorem...Ch. 1.1 - Which of the following pairs of propositional...Ch. 1.1 - Determine the propositional form and truth value...Ch. 1.1 - Suppose P, Q, and R are propositional forms....Ch. 1.1 - Suppose P, Q, S, and R are propositional forms, P...Ch. 1.1 - Use a truth table to determine whether each of the...

Ch. 1.1 - Give a useful denial of each statement. Assume...Ch. 1.1 - Restore parentheses to these abbreviated...Ch. 1.1 - Other logical connectives between two propositions...Ch. 1.1 - Other logical connectives between two propositions...Ch. 1.2 - Identify the antecedent and the consequent for...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2E Ch. 1.2 - What can be said about the truth value of Q when...Ch. 1.2 - Identify the antecedent and the consequent for...Ch. 1.2 - Which of the following conditional sentences are...Ch. 1.2 - Which of the following are true? Assume that x and...Ch. 1.2 - Make truth tables for these propositional forms....Ch. 1.2 - Prove Theorem 1.2.2 by constructing truth tables...Ch. 1.2 - Determine whether each statement qualifies as a...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 10E Ch. 1.2 - Dictionaries indicate that the conditional meaning...Ch. 1.2 - Show that the following pairs of statements are...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 13E Ch. 1.2 - Give, if possible, an example of a false...Ch. 1.2 - Give the converse and contrapositive of each...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 16E Ch. 1.2 - The inverse, or opposite, of the conditional...Ch. 1.3 - Translate the following English sentences into...Ch. 1.3 - For each of the propositions in Exercise 1, write...Ch. 1.3 - Translate these definitions from the Appendix into...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 4E Ch. 1.3 - The sentence “People dislike taxes” might be...Ch. 1.3 - Let T={17},U={6},V={24} , and W={2,3,7,26} . In...Ch. 1.3 - (a) Complete the following proof of Theorem...Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following are true? The universe for...Ch. 1.3 - Give an English translation for each. The universe...Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following are true in the universe of...Ch. 1.3 - Let A(x) be an open sentence with variable x. (a)...Ch. 1.3 - Suppose the polynomials anxn+an1xn1+...+a0 and...Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following are denials of (!x)P(x) ?...Ch. 1.3 - Riddle: What is the English translation of the...Ch. 1.4 - Analyze the logical form of each of the following...Ch. 1.4 - A theorem of linear algebra states that if A andB...Ch. 1.4 - Verify that [(BM)L(ML)]B is a tautology. See the...Ch. 1.4 - These facts have been established at a crime...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 5E Ch. 1.4 - Let a and b be real numbers. Prove that (a)...Ch. 1.4 - Suppose a, b, c, and d are integers. Prove that...Ch. 1.4 - Give two proofs that if n is a natural number,...Ch. 1.4 - Let a, b, and c be integers and x, y, and z be...Ch. 1.4 - Recall that except for degenerate cases, the graph...Ch. 1.4 - Exercises throughout the text with this title ask...Ch. 1.5 - Analyze the logical form of each of the following...Ch. 1.5 - A theorem of linear algebra states that if A andB...Ch. 1.5 - Let x, y, and z be integers. Write a proof by...Ch. 1.5 - Write a proof by contraposition to show that for...Ch. 1.5 - A circle has center (2,4) . (a) Prove that (1,5)...Ch. 1.5 - Suppose a and b are positive integers. Write a...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 7E Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 8E Ch. 1.5 - Prove by contradiction that if n is a natural...Ch. 1.5 - Prove that 5 is not a rational number.Ch. 1.5 - Three real numbers, x, y, and z, are chosen...Ch. 1.5 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 1.6 - Prove that (a) there exist integers m and n such...Ch. 1.6 - Prove that for all integers a, b, and c, If...Ch. 1.6 - Prove that if every even natural number greater...Ch. 1.6 - Provide either a proof or a counterexample for...Ch. 1.6 - (a) Prove that the natural number x is prime if...Ch. 1.6 - Prove that (a) for every natural number n, 1n1 ....Ch. 1.6 - Starting at 9 a.m. on Monday, a hiker walked at a...Ch. 1.6 - Show by example that each of the following...Ch. 1.6 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 1.7 - (a) Let a be a negative real number. Prove that if...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 2E Ch. 1.7 - Prove that (a) 5n2+3n+4 is even, for all integers...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 4E Ch. 1.7 - Prove that (a) if x + y is irrational, then either...Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 6E Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 7E Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 8E Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 9E Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 10E Ch. 1.7 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 1.8 - For each given pair a, b of integers, find the...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 2E Ch. 1.8 - Let a and b be integers, a0 , and ab . Prove that...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 4E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 5E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 6E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 7E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 8E Ch. 1.8 - Prove that for every prime p and for all natural...Ch. 1.8 - Let q be a natural number greater than 1 with the...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 11E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 12E Ch. 1.8 - Let a and b be nonzero integers that are...Ch. 1.8 - Let a and b be nonzero integers and d=gcd(a,b) ....Ch. 1.8 - Let a and b be nonzero integers and c be an...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 16E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 17E Ch. 1.8 - Let a and b be integers, and let m=lcm(a,b) . Use...Ch. 1.8 - The greatest common divisor of positive integers a...Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 20E Ch. 1.8 - Prob. 21E

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Make truth tables for these propositional forms. (a) P ⇒ ( Q ∧ P ) . (b) ( ∼ P ⇒ Q ) ∨ ( Q ⇔ P ) . (c) ∼ Q ⇒ ( Q ⇔ P ) . (d) ( P ∨ Q ) ⇒ ( P ∧ Q ) . (e) ( P ∧ Q ) ∨ ( Q ∧ R ) ⇒ P ∨ R . (f) [ ( Q ⇒ S ) ∧ ( Q ⇒ R ) ] ⇒ [ ( P ∨ Q ) ⇒ ( S ∨ R ) ] .

Solution Summary: The author explains how to make truth tables for (PQ)(QP).

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Chapter 1 Solutions