ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781264303106
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 6RAC
Several of the events that occur between the time a physician strikes a patient’s patellar tendon with a rubber hammer and the time the quadriceps femoris contracts (knee-jerk reflex) are listed below:
(1) increased frequency of action potentials in sensory neurons
(2) stretch of the muscle spindles
(3) increased frequency of action potentials in the alpha motor neurons
(4) stretch of the quadriceps femoris
(5) contraction of the quadriceps lemons
Which of the following most closely describes the sequence of events as they normally occur?
a. 4,12,3,5 c. 1,4,3,25 e. 4,2,3,1,5
b. 4.1,3,2,5 d. 4,2,1,3,5
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Students have asked these similar questions
A tap on the patellar tendon at the knee joint is used to test the knee-jerk reflex. All of the followings are correct, except ---------------------.
The reflex starts with the 1a sensory neurons of the muscle spindle
There is an excitatory stimulus to the motor pool of the extensor muscle
There is a stimulation of the excitatory interneuron of the flexor muscle
Excitation of the extensor muscle fibers causes the knee extension
Muscle contraction depends on coordination between motor pools of antagonistic muscles
To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
A.
Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing.
B.
Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically.
C.
The load was reduced.
D.
The resistance to contraction was reduced.
E.
The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.
Muscle spindles are the sensory receptors that monitor the length of skeletal muscles. When the length of the hamstrings changes between standing and seated positions, which structure is responsible for adjusting the length of the intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindle?
Group of answer choices
beta motor neurons
gamma motor neurons
extrafusal fibers
alpha motor neurons
Chapter 12 Solutions
ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 12.1 - Name the meninges surrounding the spinal cord....Ch. 12.1 - What is the thecal sac? What two structures hold...Ch. 12.1 - Describe the arrangement of gray arid white matter...Ch. 12.1 - Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor and...Ch. 12.1 - What kinds of neurons are in the dorsal roots, in...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 12.2 - Describe the operation of a gamma motor neuron.Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 9AYPCh. 12.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 12.3 - What is a dermatome? Why are dermatomes clinically...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 12.3 - Describe the distribution of the ventral rami of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 12.3 - Name the five major nerves that emerge from the...Ch. 12.3 - Name the four major nerves that arise from the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 12.3 - Describe the structures innervated by the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 12 - Prob. 1RACCh. 12 - The structure that anchors the inferior end of the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3RACCh. 12 - Given these components of a reflex arc: (1)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RACCh. 12 - Several of the events that occur between the time...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RACCh. 12 - Prob. 8RACCh. 12 - Damage to the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RACCh. 12 - A dermatome Is the area of skin supplied by a pair...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12RACCh. 12 - The skin on the posterior surface of the hand is...Ch. 12 - The scatic nerve is actually two nerves combined...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RACCh. 12 - Describe how stimulation of a neuron that has its...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CTCh. 12 - Prob. 3CTCh. 12 - Prob. 4CTCh. 12 - Prob. 5CTCh. 12 - Prob. 6CTCh. 12 - Prob. 7CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How would you explain the following observation? When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns.arrow_forwardWhat would happen without input from gamma motor neurons? A) Information about velocity would continue, but information about length would no longer be possible. B) The spindles would be unable to provide feedback as the muscle contracted. C) Neither the intrafusal nor extrafusal fibers would contract. D) The extrafusal fibers would not contract, but the intrafusal fibers would continue to contract.arrow_forwardThe role of muscle spindles in the maintenance of the upright posture depends upon all the following, except :-a- contraction of the peripheral contractile part of spindle fibersb- increased sensory discharge from spindles of postural musclesc- increased supraspinal facilitation to the γ-motor neurons of postural musclesd- presence of greater numbers of spindles in postural musclesarrow_forward
- Place the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine (ACh) 2. activation of ACH receptors on the motor endplate 3. termination of the ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of NA* channels in the motor endplate 7. production of a muscle fiber action potential O 4,1,2,5,6,7,3 4,1,5,6,2,7,3 4,1,5,2,7,6,3 4,1,5,2,6,7,3arrow_forward4) You set up an experiment using an isolated mouse muscle-nerve preparation.a. Draw the force traces (used to measure the force of contraction using a force transducer) you wouldexpect to get if you stimulated the nerve at 3 different lengths: 1) slack, 2) the normal length of the musclein the body, and 3) stretched past a length the muscle could ever experience in a mouse. If the force tracesare different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the length-tension relationship)b. Draw the nerve signals you would record from a Group Ia muscle spindle afferent at each of those 3lengths. If the 3 conditions are different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the function of the musclespindlearrow_forwardWhen an action potential from a motor neuron arrives at the neuromuscular junction, a series of events occurs that leads to muscle contraction. Arrange following events in the correct order from first to last.arrow_forward
- While initial control of skeletal muscles occurs with the motor cortex, a successful movement also requires efferent feedback from joint, tendon and other proprio- ception sensors. Ultimately, complete control and coordination of motor movements requires the operation of: a. The cerebellum b. The hippocampus c. The vestibular apparatus d. The lateral ventriclesarrow_forwarda) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as the stimulus interval was further decreased. b) What is tetanus? Explain the mechanism behind this phenomenon. c) At which stimulus interval did you observe tetanus? What frequency of stimulation does that correspond to?arrow_forwarda) Describe how the isolated muscle behaved as the interpulse interval was decreased progressively. b) Examine the table. Can you describe what happens to the frequency of stimulation when you decrease the interval between the pulses?arrow_forward
- When a cardica muscle is isolated and placed in a solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate, will muscle contraction occur if:a. muscle is stimulated directly by depolarizing the membrane? (provide a short explanation)b. muscle is stimulated by stimulating the nerve to the muscle? (provide a short explanation)arrow_forwardExplain in detail: 1) how an action potential occurs in a lower motor neuron, 2) how the motor neuron signals to the muscle fiber, and 3) the response of the muscle fiber.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true when comparing slow twitch red and fast twitch white muscle fibers? Question 2 options: a) Red contain more mitochondria than white b) Red contain more myoglobin than white c) Red contracts more slowly than white d) Red contain more glycogen stores than whitearrow_forward
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