(a) Interpretation: The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed. Concept introduction: Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature. The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature. Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 6Q

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The method to separate 1-butanol/butyl acetate mixture that forms the upper azeotropic layer should be discussed.

Concept introduction:

Distillation is a liquid-gas separation technique for two or more liquids on the basis of their difference in boiling temperature or vapor pressure. Vapor pressure is pressure exerted by vapor phase of liquid produced due to an increase in the molecular kinetic energy of the liquid phase or due to the increase in temperature.

The temperature at which atmospheric pressure exerted on liquid equals to its vapor pressure is known to be its boiling point. Vapor pressure of the component decides boiling point of any mixture. Impurities in the mixture might result in an increase or decrease of observed boiling temperature.

Azeotropes are mixtures that deviate from ideality because of interactions between the compounds through intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and therefore boil at constant boiling points. Solution of water and ethanol is an example of azeotropes.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 6Q

Solution Summary: The author explains the apparatus that can be used to shift the equilibrium of the azeotrope formation towards the product side.

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Chapter 12 Solutions