1st Edition

ISBN: 9781938168000

Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher: OpenStax College

Concept explainers

The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.

Gauge Pressure

Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem …

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Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 5CQ

Water is shot nearly vertically upward in a decorative fountain and the stream is observed to broaden as it rises. Conversely, a stream of water falling straight down from a faucet narrows. Explain why, and discuss whether surface tension enhances or reduces the effect in each case.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

College Physics

Ch. 12 - What is the difference between flow rate and fluid...Ch. 12 - Many figures in the text show streamlines. Explain...Ch. 12 - Identify some substances that are incompressible...Ch. 12 - You can squirt water a considerably greater...Ch. 12 - Water is shot nearly vertically upward in a...Ch. 12 - Look back to Figure 12.4. Answer the following two...Ch. 12 - Give an example of entrainment not mentioned in...Ch. 12 - Many entrainment devices have a constriction,...Ch. 12 - Some chimney pipes have a T-shape, with a...Ch. 12 - Is there a limit to the height to which an...

Ch. 12 - Why is it preferable for airplanes to take off...Ch. 12 - Roofs are sometimes pushed off vertically during a...Ch. 12 - Why does a sailboat need a keel?Ch. 12 - It is dangerous to stand close to railroad tracks...Ch. 12 - Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less...Ch. 12 - A perfume bottle or atomizer sprays a fluid that...Ch. 12 - If you lower the window on a car while moving, an...Ch. 12 - Based on Bernoulli's equation, what are three...Ch. 12 - Water that has emerged from a hose into the...Ch. 12 - The old rubber boot shown in Figure 12.26 has two...Ch. 12 - Water pressure inside a hose nozzle can be less...Ch. 12 - Explain why the viscosity of a liquid decreases...Ch. 12 - When paddling a canoe upstream, it is wisest to...Ch. 12 - Why does flow decrease in your shower when someone...Ch. 12 - Plumbing usually includes air-filled tubes near...Ch. 12 - Doppler ultrasound can be used to the speed of...Ch. 12 - Sink drains often have a device such as that shown...Ch. 12 - Some ceiling fans have decorative wicker reeds on...Ch. 12 - What direction will a helium balloon move inside a...Ch. 12 - Will identical raindrops fall more rapidly in 5° C...Ch. 12 - If you took two marbles of different sizes, what...Ch. 12 - Why would you expect the rate of diffusion to...Ch. 12 - How are osmosis and dialysis similar? How do they...Ch. 12 - What is the average flow rate in cm3/S of gasoline...Ch. 12 - The heart of a resting adult pumps blood at a rate...Ch. 12 - Blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.0...Ch. 12 - Blood is flowing through an artery of radius 2 mm...Ch. 12 - The Huka Falls on the Waikato River is one of New...Ch. 12 - A major artery with a cross-sectional area of 1.00...Ch. 12 - (a) As blood passes through the capillary bed in...Ch. 12 - The human circulation system has approximately...Ch. 12 - (a) Estimate the time it would take to fill a...Ch. 12 - The flow rate of blood through 2.00106 -m-radius...Ch. 12 - (a) What is the fluid speed in a fire hose with a...Ch. 12 - The main uptake air duct of a forced air gas...Ch. 12 - Water is moving at a velocity of 2.00 m/s through...Ch. 12 - Prove that the speed of an incompressible fluid...Ch. 12 - Water emerges straight down from a faucet with a...Ch. 12 - Unreasonable Results A mountain stream is 10.0 m...Ch. 12 - Verify that pressure has units of energy per unit...Ch. 12 - Suppose you have a wind speed gauge like the pitot...Ch. 12 - If the pressure reading of your pitot tube is 15.0...Ch. 12 - Calculate the maximum height to which water could...Ch. 12 - Every few years, winds in Boulder, Colorado,...Ch. 12 - (a) Calculate the approximate force on a square...Ch. 12 - (a) What is the pressure drop due to the Bernoulli...Ch. 12 - (a) Using Bernoulli's equation, show that the...Ch. 12 - Hoover Dam on the Colorado River is the highest...Ch. 12 - A frequently quoted rule of thumb in aircraft...Ch. 12 - The left ventricle of a resting adult's heart...Ch. 12 - A sump pump (used to drain water from the basement...Ch. 12 - (a) Calculate the retarding force due to the...Ch. 12 - What force is needed to pull one microscope slide...Ch. 12 - A glucose solution being administered with an IV...Ch. 12 - The pressure drop along a length of artery is 100...Ch. 12 - A small artery has a length of 1.1103 m and a...Ch. 12 - Fluid originally flows through a tube at a rate of...Ch. 12 - The arterioles (small arteries) leading to an...Ch. 12 - Angioplasty is a technique in which arteries...Ch. 12 - (a) Suppose a blood vessel's radius is decreased...Ch. 12 - A spherical particle falling at a terminal speed...Ch. 12 - Using the equation of the previous problem, find...Ch. 12 - A skydiver will reach a terminal velocity when the...Ch. 12 - A layer of oil 1.50 mm thick is placed between two...Ch. 12 - (a) Verify that a 19.0% decrease in laminar flow...Ch. 12 - Example 12.8 dealt with the flow of saline...Ch. 12 - When physicians diagnose arterial blockages, they...Ch. 12 - During a marathon race, a runner's blood flow...Ch. 12 - Water supplied to a house by a water main has a...Ch. 12 - An oil gusher shoots crude oil 25.0 m into the air...Ch. 12 - Concrete is pumped from a cement mixer to the...Ch. 12 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a coronary...Ch. 12 - Consider a river that spreads out in a delta...Ch. 12 - Verify that the flow of oil is laminar (barely)...Ch. 12 - Show that the Reynolds number NRis unitless by...Ch. 12 - Calculate the Reynolds numbers for the flow of...Ch. 12 - A fire hose has an inside diameter of 6.40 cm....Ch. 12 - Concrete is pumped from a cement mixer to the...Ch. 12 - At what flow rate might turbulence begin to...Ch. 12 - What is the greatest average speed of blood flow...Ch. 12 - In Take-Home Experiment: Inhalation, we measured...Ch. 12 - Gasoline is piped underground from refineries to...Ch. 12 - Assuming that blood is an ideal fluid, calculate...Ch. 12 - Unreasonable Results A fairly large garden hose...Ch. 12 - You can smell perfume very shortly after opening...Ch. 12 - What is the ratio of the average distances that...Ch. 12 - Oxygen reaches the veinless cornea of the eye by...Ch. 12 - (a) Find the average time required for an oxygen...Ch. 12 - Suppose hydrogen and oxygen are diffusing through...

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