Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 4S
In mammals, a variety of genes affect coat color. One of these is a gene with mutant alleles that results in the complete loss of pigment, or albinism. Another controls the type of dark pigment with alleles that lead to black or brown colors. The albinistic trait is recessive, and black is dominant to brown. Two black mice are crossed and yield 9 black:4 albino:3 brown. How would you explain these results?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Two different genes control the expression of kernel colour in Mexican black corn: black pigment gene B and dotted pigment gene D. Gene B influences the expression of gene D. The dotted phenotype appears only when gene B is in the homozygous recessive state. A colourless variation occurs when both genes are homozygous recessive.
After pure-breeding black-pigmented plants were crossed with colourless plants, all of the offspring were black-pigmented.
What is the probability of dotted offspring being produced from the test cross described above?
(Record your answer as a percentage - do not include a decimal).
In Labrador retrievers, two genes determine fur color: the E gene and the B gene. Black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). However, the presence of (ee) will overshadow and create a puppy with yellow fur. Create a Punnett square crossing 2 Labs that are heterozygous for both genes. Then color code your Punnett Square based on the resulting phenotypes. Don’t forget to take epistasis into account!
Pink eye and albinism are two recessive traits found in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus. In mice with pink eye, the eye is devoid of color and appears pink from the blood vessels within it. Albino mice are completely lacking color both in their fur and in their eyes. F. H. Clark crossed pink‑eyed mice with albino mice; the resulting F1 had normal coloration in their fur and eyes. He then crossed these F1 mice with mice that were pink‑eyed and albino and obtained the mice shown in the table below. It is very hard to distinguish between mice that are albino and mice that are both pink‑eyed and albino, so he combined these two phenotypic classes (F. H. Clark, 1936, Journal of Heredity 27:259−260).
Match the expected numbers of progeny with each phenotype if the genes for pink‑eye and albinism assort independently.
Phenotype
Observed
Expected
wild type, wild type
12
wild type, pink eyes
62
albino, wild type, or pink eyes
78
Total
152
152
Answer…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 12.1 - Explain the advantages of Mendels experimental...Ch. 12.2 - Evaluate the outcome of a monohybrid cross.Ch. 12.2 - Explain Mendels Principle of Segregation.Ch. 12.2 - Compare the segregation of alleles with the...Ch. 12.3 - Evaluate the outcome of a dihybrid cross.Ch. 12.3 - Explain Mendels Principle of Independent...Ch. 12.3 - Compare the segregation of alleles for different...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 12.5 - Interpret data from testcrosses to infer unknown...Ch. 12.6 - Describe how assumptions in Mendels model result...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.6 - Explain the genetic basis for observed alterations...Ch. 12 - Inquiry question What confounding problems could...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2IQCh. 12 - Prob. 1DACh. 12 - Prob. 2DACh. 12 - Prob. 3DACh. 12 - What property distinguished Mendels investigation...Ch. 12 - The F1 generation of the monohybrid cross purple...Ch. 12 - The F1 plants from the previous question are...Ch. 12 - In a cross of Aa Bb cc X Aa Bb Cc, what is the...Ch. 12 - An organisms __________ is/are determined by its...Ch. 12 - Phenotypes like height in humans, which show a...Ch. 12 - Japanese four oclocks that are red and tall are...Ch. 12 - If the two genes in the previous question showed...Ch. 12 - What is the probability of obtaining an individual...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4ACh. 12 - Prob. 5ACh. 12 - Mendels model assumes that each trait is...Ch. 12 - z1. Create a Punnett square for the following...Ch. 12 - Explain how the events of meiosis can explain both...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3SCh. 12 - In mammals, a variety of genes affect coat color....
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Coat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces. Mouse Coat Phenotype and Genotype Correlation Agouti coat AA, Aa Solid gray/black coat aa Pigment production CC, Cc Albinism cc Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question. Coat Color Number of Mice Born in Each Trial Cross Mean Number of Mice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Agouti coat 11 8 9 9 10 8 10 7 10 9 Solid gray/black coat 5 2 1 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 Albinism 3 3 6 4 4 3 3 7 4 3 Which…arrow_forwardPink-eye and albino are two recessive traits found in the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus. In pink-eyed mice, the eye is devoid of color and appears pink because of the blood vessels within it. Albino mice are completely lacking color, both in their fur and in their eyes. F. H. Clark crossed pink-eyed mice with albino mice; the resulting F1 had normal coloration in their fur and eyes. He then crossed these F1 mice with mice that were pink eyed and albino and obtained the following progeny. It is hard to distinguish between mice that are albino and mice that are both pink eyed and albino, so he combined these two phenotypes (F. H. Clark. 1936. Journal of Heredity 27:259–260). a. Give the expected numbers of progeny with each phenotype if the genes for pink-eye and albino assort independently. b. Use a chi-square test to determine if the observed numbers of progeny fit the number expected with independent assortment.arrow_forwardTwo unlinked loci effect mouse hair color. AA or Aa mice are agouti. Mice with genotype aa are albino because all pigment production and deposition of pigment in hair is blocked. At the second locus, the B allele (black agouti coat) is dominant to the b allele (brown agouti coat). A mouse with an unknown genotype is mated with an albino mouse of genotype bbaa. Half of the offspring are albino, one quarter are black agouti, and one quarter are brown agouti. What is the genotype of the unknown parent?arrow_forward
- Coat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces. Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question. Which of the following is the most probable interaction between the two genetic loci, A and C, based on the average F1 ratio results? A - The two loci show an epistatic pattern with the loci C epistatic to loci A.B - The two loci show a codominant pattern with both loci affecting coat color.C - The two loci interact in a Mendelian pattern with A being completely dominant over C.D - The two loci show an incomplete dominance pattern with neither loci A nor C being dominant.arrow_forwardCoat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces. Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question. Which of the following is the most probable interaction between the two genetic loci, A and C, based on the average F1 ratio results? A - The two loci show an epistatic pattern with the loci C epistatic to loci A. B - The two loci show a codominant pattern with both loci affecting coat color. C - The two loci interact in a Mendelian pattern with A being completely dominant over C. D - The two loci show an incomplete dominance pattern with neither loci A nor C being dominant.arrow_forwardThe production of eye-color pigment in Drosophila requires the dominant allele A. The dominant allele P of a second independent gene turns the pigment to purple, but its recessive allele leaves it red. A fly producing no pigment has white eyes. Two pure lines were crossed with the following results:P red-eyed female white-eyed maleF1 purple-eyed femalesred-eyed malesF1 F1purple eyed 38red eyed 38white eyed 28F both males and females: 2Explain this mode of inheritance, and show the genotypes of the parents, the F1, and the F2.arrow_forward
- The color of Andalusian chickens results from the inheritance of alleles that exhibit incomplete dominance. Black chickens result when 2 alleles for melanin production are inherited (MM). White splashed chickens result from the inheritance of 2 copies of a different allele (mm). The heterozygous condition (Mm) results in their famous bluish color. Predict the genotypes and phenotypes from the following crosses: MM x mm x Mm x Mm.arrow_forwardAs seen in the photo, Labradors come in three colors-- black, brown and yellow. What is the genetic basis for these different coat colors? One gene produces melanin, a pigment which is deposited in the dog's fur and makes the color dark. With this gene, allele B (black) is dominant to allele b. Only in the case of a recessive homozygote (bb) will the dog's phenotype be brown. The regulatory gene is separate from the melanin gene but it acts as a switch, either turning the melanin gene on or turning it off. Allele E is dominant and allows for the melanin to be deposited in the dog's fur ("on" switch), but if the switch gene is a recessive homozygote, the melanin is blocked ("off" switch) and a yellow dog is the result! 1. Two other Labradors mate and produce puppies. Their genotypes are Bbee and BbEe. What color are each parent and what are the phenotypic rations of their offspring in the F1 Generation? Show your work with a Punnett square.arrow_forwardIn mice, an allele for apricot eyes (a) is recessive to an allele for brown eyes (a+). At an independently assorting locus, an allele for tan coat color (t) is recessive to an allele for black coat color (t+). A mouse that is homozygous for brown eyes and black coat color is crossed with a mouse having apricot eyes and a tan coat. The resulting F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. In a litter of eight F2 mice, what is the probability that two will have apricot eyes and tan coats?arrow_forward
- In rabbits, an allelic series helps determine coat color. The alleles, in order of dominance, are listed below. C=full coat color Cch-chinchilla Ch-himalayan c=white What is the predicted outcome for a CCh rabbit crossed with a Cchc rabbit? Draw out the cross and show the predicted genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring.arrow_forwardChoose one plsarrow_forward1) In pea plants, round seeds are dominant over wrinkled seeds. A Yellow seeded plant is crossed with a green seeded plant and the resulting cross produces 35 seeds. 12 of the seeds are yellow and 23 of the seeds are green. What are the genotypes of the parent plants? 2) In humans, blood type is inherited based on multiple alleles in which type A and type B are dominant to type O. A man who is type O, whose mother was type B, marries a woman who is type AB. What is the probability that they will produce a child that is type B? 3) In Guinea pigs black fur is dominant over white fur and smooth fur is dominant over rough fur. A heterozygous black, heterozygous smooth furred guinea pig mates with a white, heterozygous smooth furred guinea pig. Determine the phenotypic ratio for the predicted offspring from this crossingarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
How to solve genetics probability problems; Author: Shomu's Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0yjfb1ooUs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Beyond Mendelian Genetics: Complex Patterns of Inheritance; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EmvmBuK-B8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY