Chapter 12, Problem 32R

To determine

To explain: the process which enables optical fibers to transmit signals over long distances.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Fiber optics or optical fibers are long, thin strands of pure glass which is almost the size of human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and are used to transmit signals over long distances.

The fiber optic data transmission systems send information over by converting light into electronic signals. The light in optical cables travels through the core by bouncing off the cladding which is mirror lined walls. This principle is called total internal reflection. Since this cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances.

Conclusion:

Thus, total internal reflection helps the optical fibers to transmit signals to long distances.