Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 2COQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The list of similarities and difference in the events of initiation, elongation, and termination stages of translation.
Introduction: The gene expression is a highly complex but coordinated process. The information present in the DNA is transferred to RNA molecule by the process called transcription in which dsDNA provides a template for the synthesis of the RNA molecule. The translation, on the other hand, is the passing of the information transferred from mRNA to make a corresponding peptide chain according to the information coded in the mRNA molecule.
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Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.
Briefly, describe one mode of post-translational modification that occurs once translation is finished.
Please describe the four-step process of the elongation during protein translation in bacteria.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 12.1 - What disease would result if a person inherited...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - What is the direction of flow of genetic...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at the role of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2EQ
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.5 - Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figure 6.3,...Ch. 12.5 -
Figure 12.17 Comparison of small subunit rRNA...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12 - Which of the following best represents the central...Ch. 12 - A mutation prevents a gene from being transcribed...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - If a eukaryotic mRNA failed to have a cap attached...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - During the initiation of translation, the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - Prob. 1CQCh. 12 - Prob. 2CQCh. 12 - Prob. 3CQCh. 12 - Prob. 1COQCh. 12 - Prob. 2COQ
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- GTP hydrolysis is used multiple times during the course of protein synthesis to advance the process forward, often irreversibly. Provide an example of a GTP-regulated step and its associated GTP binding factor that regulates a step during A) translation initiation, and also B) one that is associated with the translation elongation phase.arrow_forwardName four major classes of DNA-binding proteins that are responsible for controlling transcription, and describe their structural features.arrow_forwardFor translation, identify two things that happen during each step - initiation, elongation and termination.arrow_forward
- Discuss the three steps of Transcription (Initiation, Elongation, Termination).arrow_forwardPick either one of the following to answer: 1) Transcription and translation both involve an initiation, elongation, and termination phase. Describe how each of these phases occurs for both transcription and translation. OR 2) Both transcription and translation involve modifications following the termination step. Describe these modifications and the importance of each modification to complete the final product.arrow_forwardConsider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.arrow_forward
- Define, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?arrow_forwardPlease explain: Transcription-what is it and what does it involve? What happens at initiation, elongation, and termination?arrow_forwardbriefly explain the importance of the degeneracy of the genetic code in the translation process. do not simply define the givenarrow_forward
- Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?arrow_forward1.) Define transcription and translation. How does transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes (i.e. What is present in one but not the other)? 2.) What it means when we say that genetic code is redundant? 3.) Describe the stages of transcription (in detail for each step) - what components are required? 4.) Describe the stages of translation in eukaryotes (initiation, elongation, termination)arrow_forwardThe genetic code was solved partly by the use of in vitro systems to translate synthetic RNAs into peptides. In these systems, ribosomes, amino acids, and buffers that support translation are added and there is no control of where translation begins. AAA = Lys; AUA = Ile; AAU = Asn; UAA = stop. What peptides would NOT be produced in an in vitro system if the following oligonucleotide were added: AAAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAA Select one: a) Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys b) Lys-Lys-Ile-Lys-Lys c) Lys-Lys-Asn-Lys-Lysarrow_forward
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