Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214084
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 12, Problem 2AAATB
Summary Introduction
To research:
The reason for the evolution of striped zebras from the unstriped zebras.
Introduction:
Natural selection can be defined as an individual’s differential survival and reproduction of individuals as a result of changes in
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The dog breed West Highland Terrier is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of the breed and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?
Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply.
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None of the above
Chapter 12 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
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- You conduct an exercise in the Darwinian Snails Sim-U-Text lab. You simulate conditions under which survival of snails is selective-that is, snails with thicker shells are less likely to be preyed on by crabs than snails with thinner shells. The default settings also ensure the trait is heritable, and the population has variation in this trait. You allow mutations to occur. As you run the simulation, you observe that the mean shell thickness of the population increases over successive snail generations. Have you successfully simulated natural selection? No, because no snails appeared with thicker shells than the thickest shells observed in the initial population O Yes, because crabs preyed on the snails O No, because you cannot have selection with mutations operating No, because the changes in shell thickness could have been due to genetic drift O Yes, because there was a change in the mean shell thickness Yes, because there were mutationsarrow_forwardApply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?arrow_forwardThis figure can be used to represent the sequence of events leading to the evolution of dark-furred mouse populations living on lava flows in the southwest. Which statement is false when considering evolution of these pocket mice? The different size hexagons represent neighboring populations. The color change in the smaller hexagon indicates the phenotypic divergence due to natural selection. Darker fur is due to environmental conditions on the lava flow, like the intensity of UV radiation. Natural selection favored the darker fur, which increased the frequency of mutated alleles in the population. Timearrow_forward
- In the year 2374, humans finally developed the technology necessary for time travel. You are a scientist interested in the population genetics of extinct animals. Taking advantage of this technology advance, you decide to travel back 8 million years to conduct field work in Venezuela. You are studying a population of Phoberomys pattersoni, the world’s largest extinct rodent weighing approximately 700 kg (1500 lbs) and looking vaguely like a giant guinea pig. The coat color of this rodent varies between tan (dominant) and brown (recessive). Assume the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. You observed 336 tan Phoberomys and 64 brown Phoberomys during your study. What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype? ________________ What is the allelic frequency of the dominant (tan) allele in the population? ___________ Of the animals you observed, how many were heterozygous? _______________ As you observe the animals you count 200 brown and 450 tan. Conduct a…arrow_forwardIdentifying genes like HMGA2 is important, because it is evidence of natural selection. How does it demonstrate that natural selection occurred in Darwin’s finches? Scientists mutate and modify the gene in the lab to see how changes might occur to the organism. Scientists identify different forms of the gene in individuals from the same species and observe how it shows up as a trait. Scientists study similar genes that also impact the same traits to see how they work together and influence one another. Scientists observe the frequency of the different forms of the gene and how it changes in response to the environment. Need some help on this one.arrow_forwardYou are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection. a. A study that determines whether beetles with longer spikes survive and reproduce better than beetles with shorter spikes. b. A study that measures the spike length variation across multiple individuals in a population. c. A study where you measure the spike length on the parents and a study where you measure the spike length on the offspring. d. A study that determines whether these spikes on the beetle are also used in mate choice contexts.arrow_forward
- The Out of Africa hypothesis (also called the African Replacement hypothesis) proposes that Homo sapiens arose in Africa and evolved there for several hundred thousand years. Then, some 85,000 years ago, a small band of Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and populated the remainder of the world. Based on this hypothesis, what predictions would you make about worldwide human variation in mtDNA?arrow_forwardYou study a group of wombats for your honours thesis. You find in your very large population samples a non-synonymous mutation at intermediate frequency (p = 0.45). After years of work, you find that both alleles (the mutant and the non-mutant) are maintained in the population. Whose theory is your %3D work MOST CONSISTENT with? The Balance School of Ford and Dobzhansky Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics Haldane's theory on mutation-selection balance Kimura's Neutral Theoryarrow_forwardSkin color in humans is an example of an evolutionary trade-off: a situation where a trait that is an advantage in one context is a disadvantage in a different context. Darker skin protects DNA from damage due to ultraviolet radiation (an advantage) but makes it harder for the body to produce vitamin D (a disadvantage). Based on what you’ve learned, which of the following describe other examples of evolutionary trade-offs? Select all that apply.arrow_forward
- Choose an organism that is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of your organism and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?arrow_forwardAssume that a lineage of rainbow trout accumulates mutations over time that make the trout a uniform dark brown with orange spots and produce a dorsal fin shape that is very different from all other rainbow trouts. This group of rainbow trouts also has lips that are twice the size of other rainbows and they have a much narrower body. How do we know when the natural selection of such characteristics results in a new species of fish?arrow_forwardPlease solvearrow_forward
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