Chemistry: Atoms First
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168154
Author: Richard Langley, Klaus Theopold, Paul Flowers
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 29E
Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to determine the change in entropy for each of the reactions listed in Exercise 12.28. All the processes occur at the standard conditions and 25 °C.
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10.
Stereochemistry. Assign R/S stereochemistry for the chiral center indicated on the
following compound. In order to recieve full credit, you MUST SHOW YOUR WORK!
H₂N
CI
OH
CI
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11. () Stereochemistry. Draw all possible stereoisomers of the following compound. Assign
R/S configurations for all stereoisomers and indicate the relationship between each as
enantiomer, diastereomer, or meso.
NH2
H
HNH,
-18
b)
8.
Indicate whether the following carbocation rearrangements are likely to occur
Please explain your rational using 10 words or less
not likely to occur
• The double bond is still in the
Same position
+
Likely
to oc
occur
WHY?
-3
H3C
Brave
Chair Conformers. Draw the chair conformer of the following substituted
cyclohexane. Peform a RING FLIP and indicate the most stable
conformation and briefly explain why using 20 words or less.
CI
2
-cobs ??
MUST INDICATE H -2
-2
Br
EQ
Cl
OR
AT
Br
H&
most stable
WHY?
- 4
CH
12
Conformational Analysis. Draw all 6 conformers (one above each letter) of the
compound below looking down the indicated bond. Write the letter of the
conformer with the HIGHEST and LOWEST in energies on the lines provided.
NOTE: Conformer A MUST be the specific conformer of the structure as drawn below
-4 NOT
HOH
OH
3
Conformer A:
Br
OH
A
Samo
Br H
04
Br
H
H3
CH₂
H
anti
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Br CH
clipsed
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Brott
H
IV
H
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-2
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C
D
E
F
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6
Conformer with HIGHEST ENERGY:
13. (1
structure
LOWEST ENERGY:
Nomenclature. a) Give the systematic (IUPAC) name structure. b) Draw the
corresponding to this name. HINT: Do not forget to indicate stereochemistry
when applicable.
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Parent name (noname)
4 Bromo
Sub = 2-methylethyl-4 Bromo nonane
b) (3R,4S)-3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane
# -2
-2
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 12 - What is a spontaneous reaction?Ch. 12 - What is a nonspontaneous reaction?Ch. 12 - Indicate whether the following processes are...Ch. 12 - A helium-filled balloon spontaneously deflates...Ch. 12 - Many plastic materials are organic polymers that...Ch. 12 - In Figure 12.8 all possible distributions and...Ch. 12 - In Figure 12.8 all possible distributions and...Ch. 12 - How does the process described in the previous...Ch. 12 - Consider a system similar to the one in Figure...Ch. 12 - Consider the system shown in Figure 12.9. What is...
Ch. 12 - Consider the system shown in Figure 12.9. What is...Ch. 12 - Arrange the following sets of systems in order of...Ch. 12 - At room temperature, the entropy of the halogens...Ch. 12 - Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and...Ch. 12 - Indicate which substance in the given pairs has...Ch. 12 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for the...Ch. 12 - Predict the sign of the entropy change for the...Ch. 12 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 12 - Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 12 - What is the difference between S and S for a...Ch. 12 - Calculate S for the following changes. (a)...Ch. 12 - Determine the entropy change for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Determine the entropy change for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Thermite reactions have been used for welding...Ch. 12 - Using the relevant S values listed in Appendix G,...Ch. 12 - From the following information, determine S for...Ch. 12 - By calculating Suniv, at each temperature,...Ch. 12 - Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 12 - Use the standard entropy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 12 - What is the difference between G and G for a...Ch. 12 - A reaction has H=100kJ/mol and S=250J/mol.K . Is...Ch. 12 - Explain what happens as a reaction starts with G0...Ch. 12 - Use the standard free energy of formation data in...Ch. 12 - Use the standard free energy data in Appendix G to...Ch. 12 - Given: P4(s)+5O2(g)P4O10(s) G=2697.0kJ/mol...Ch. 12 - Is the formation of ozone (O3(g)) from oxygen...Ch. 12 - Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II)...Ch. 12 - Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control...Ch. 12 - Calculate G for each of the following reactions...Ch. 12 - Calculate G for each of the following reactions...Ch. 12 - Calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 C for...Ch. 12 - Determine G for the following reactions. (a)...Ch. 12 - Given that the Gf for Pb2+(aq) and Cl-(aq) is...Ch. 12 - Determine the standard free energy change, Gf, for...Ch. 12 - Determine the standard enthalpy change, entropy...Ch. 12 - The evaporation of one mole of water at 298 K has...Ch. 12 - In glycolysis, the reaction of glucose (Glu) to...Ch. 12 - One of the important reactions in the biochemical...Ch. 12 - Without doing a numerical calculation, determine...Ch. 12 - When ammonium chloride is added to water and...Ch. 12 - An important source of copper is from the copper...Ch. 12 - What happens to G (becomes more negative or more...
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- in the scope of the SCH4U course! please show all steps as im still learning how to format my answers in the format given, thank you!arrow_forwardhelp me solve this HWarrow_forwardMolecules of the form AH2 can exist in two potential geometries: linear or bent. Construct molecular orbital diagrams for linear and bent CH2. Identify the relevant point group, include all of the appropriate symmetry labels and pictures, and fill in the electrons. Which geometry would you predict to be more stable, and why? (Please draw out the diagram and explain)arrow_forward
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