FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440070938
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON C
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 12, Problem 21RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The difference between the spatial summation and temporal summation.
Concept introduction:
The spatial summation takes place in the neurons, due to the cumulative addition effect of the stimuli taking place in the neurons at the other regions. It is a combined effect of the generation of the membrane potential at multiple synapsesin the neurons. The sodium ions move inside the neuronal voltage gated ion channel in the membrane. The temporal summation is the addition of the stimuli taking place at asingle synapse and occurs repeatedly over a period of time.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
How do the muscles on the foot work to balance on an ice skate, specifically the triangle of balance and how does it change when balancing on an ice skate? (Refer to anatomy, be specific)
Which of the following is NOT an example of passive immunization?
A.
Administration of tetanus toxoid
B.
Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin
C.
Administration of rabies immunoglobulin
D.
Transfer of antibodies via plasma therapy
Transcription and Translation
1. What is the main function of transcription and translation? (2
marks)
2. How is transcription different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells? (2 marks)
3. Explain the difference between pre-mRNA and post-transcript
mRNA. (2 marks)
4. What is the function of the following: (4 marks)
i. the cap
ii. spliceosome
iii. Poly A tail
iv. termination sequence
5. What are advantages to the wobble feature of the genetic
code? (2 marks)
6. Explain the difference between the: (3 marks)
i. A site & P site
ii. codon & anticodon
iii. gene expression and gene regulation
7. Explain how the stop codon allows for termination. (1 mark)
8. In your own words, summarize the process of translation. (2
marks)
Chapter 12 Solutions
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 12 - Describe the three anatomical divisions of the...Ch. 12 - Describe the two functional divisions of the...Ch. 12 - Identify the two components of the efferent...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4CPCh. 12 - Name the structural components of a typical...Ch. 12 - Classify neurons according to their structure.Ch. 12 - Classify neurons according to their function.Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12CPCh. 12 - Prob. 13CPCh. 12 - What effect would decreasing the concentration of...Ch. 12 - Define action potential.Ch. 12 - Identify the steps involved in the generation and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17CPCh. 12 - Which of the following axons is myelinated: one...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19CPCh. 12 - Prob. 20CPCh. 12 - What effect would blocking voltage-gated calcium...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22CPCh. 12 - Prob. 23CPCh. 12 - Prob. 24CPCh. 12 - Prob. 25CPCh. 12 - Prob. 26CPCh. 12 - Prob. 27CPCh. 12 - LEVEL 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms 1. Label the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - The neural cells responsible for the analysis of...Ch. 12 - Depolarization of a neuron plasma membrane will...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Receptors that bind acetylcholine at the...Ch. 12 - What are the major components of (a) the central...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RQCh. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - If the resting membrane potential of a neuron is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between anterograde flow...Ch. 12 - What is the functional difference among chemically...Ch. 12 - State the all-or-none principle cf action...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - What are the structural and functional differences...Ch. 12 - Describe the events that occur during nerve...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Prob. 23RQCh. 12 - In multiple sclerosis, there is intermittent and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 25RQCh. 12 - Which cells of the CNS are targeted by the polio...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forwardNeurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forward
- hoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forwardhoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forward7. Aerobic respiration of a protein that breaks down into 12 molecules of malic acid. Assume there is no other carbon source and no acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 3arrow_forward
- For each of the following problems calculate the following: (Week 6-3 Video with 6-1 and 6-2) Consult the total catabolic pathways on the last page as a reference for the following questions. A. How much NADH and FADH2 is produced and fed into the electron transport chain (If any)? B. How much ATP is made from oxidative phosphorylation (OP), if any? Feed the NADH and FADH2 into the electron transport chain: 3ATP/NADH, 2ATP/FADH2 C. How much ATP is made by substrate level phosphorylation (SLP)? D. How much total ATP is made? Add the SLP and OP together. 1. Aerobic respiration using 0.5 mole of glucose? NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here:arrow_forwardAerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. 18 carbons fatty acids 12 carbons glycerol . Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration. glycerol glycerol-3- phosphate…arrow_forwardDon't copy the other answerarrow_forward
- 4. Aerobic respiration of 5 mM acetate solution. Assume no other carbon source and that acetate is equivalent to acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 5. Aerobic respiration of 2 mM alpha-ketoglutaric acid solution. Assume no other carbon source. NADH FADH2 OP ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: SLP ATP Total ATParrow_forwardBiology You’re going to analyze 5 ul of your PCR product(out of 50 ul) on the gel. How much of 6X DNAloading buffer (dye) are you going to mix with yourPCR product to make final 1X concentration ofloading buffer in the PCR product-loading buffermixture?arrow_forwardWrite the assignment on the title "GYMNOSPERMS" focus on the explanation of its important families, characters and reproduction.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:OpenStax College
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning