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The formation of new and distinctive species during the course of evolution is termed as
Answer to Problem 1TQ
In order to accomplish speciation in two populations that are reproductively isolated, genetic divergence must occur.
Therefore, the option (b) is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
Species can interbreed to produce offspring, but they cannot breed with other such groups. This indicates that they are reproductively isolated. When two populations of a species are isolated reproductively, genetic divergence must occur for speciation to happen. This is because, genetic divergence is the process in which the accumulation of independent genetic changes (DNA sequence of genes) of two or more populations of ancestral species for a long period of time. This ultimately leads to the formation of new species.
Option (b) is given as “genetic divergence”.
Hence, the option (b) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “gene flow”.
Gene flow is a process in which passing of alleles occurs between dissimilar populations of the same species. But, speciation occurs when populations of a species are reproductively or geographically isolated. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “coevolution”.
Coevolution is a process in which two or more species evolve together, so that they can adapt to their environments. Therefore, coevolution is not related to speciation. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (d) is given as “convergent evolution”.
Convergent evolution is a process by which organisms evolve independently with similar traits. Therefore, convergent evolution is not related to speciation. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (e) is given as “none of the above”.
The statement given in option (b) is necessary for speciation to happen when two populations are reproductively isolated. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.
When two populations are reproductively isolated genetic divergence should happen for the occurrence of speciation.
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