A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation. Introduction: Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 1TC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

A hypothesis that a genetic condition, such as cancer is due to mistakes in transcription and translation.

Introduction:

Transcription is a process by which the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA. Translation is a process by which mRNA is translated into the proteins. Any change or alteration in the sequence of DNA causes mutation in the genetic material which may leads to cancer.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The changes or mistakes at transcription or translation step are very rare but some alterations in enzyme and molecules involved with these two processes may cause cancer.

There are various types of RNA like snRNA and miRNA that are responsible for the regulation of translation and RNA processing steps. Thus, if there is any mutation seen in snRNA and miRNAs, the process of transcription and translation will be affected.

This hypothesis could be tested by taking some normal eukaryotic cells and some mutant eukaryotic cells. These cells are then grown under lab conditions by providing proper medium with methylating agents.

When different RNAs of these cells are isolated, their rate of mutations will determine whether they will develop cancer or not. The mutated cells, in which mutation was present in RNAs that regulate transcription and translation steps, will show uncontrolled growth or cell division. This shows that if there is any mistake during the steps of transcription and translation, the whole genetic information of DNA could be disturbed which may cause mutation or cancer.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Any alteration in the transcription or translation level can cause the formation of faulty proteins that could lead to cancer or mutations in genetic sequences.

Answer 12

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2CYP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 12.3 - Describe the three major classes of RNA; what is...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3CYP Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1CYP Ch. 12.4 - Describe the three major modifications that occur...

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