Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 1P
To determine

The fraction of the Sun’s mass is hotter than 13million K to the model.

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In the model shown in the table below, what fraction of the Sun's mass is hotter than 5,000,000 K? R/R SunT (106 K) Density (g/cm³) 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.006 0.60 1.2 2.3 3.1 4.9 5.1 6.9 9.3 13.1 15.7 0.00 0.009 0.035 0.12 0.40 1.3 4.1 13 36 89 150 M/M Sun L/L Sun 1.00 0.999 0.996 0.990 0.97 0.92 0.82 0.63 0.34 0.073 0.000 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.91 0.40 0.00
. If the sun radiates energy at the rate of 4 x 1026 Js-1, what is the rate at which its mass is decreasing? a) 5.54 x 109 kgs-1 b) 4.44 x 109 kgs-1 c) 3.44 x 109 kgs-1 d) 2.44 x 109 kgs-1
The Sun’s luminosity (or power) is 4 x 1026 Watts (=J/s). How many kilograms of hydrogen must be fused every second to maintain this luminosity? (hint: work backwards from the energy per second to the mass released to the amount of hydrogen required, using the results from the previous question.) The Sun’s mass is ~2x1030 kg. If 10% of this is Hydrogen available in the core, how long will the Sun be able to continue fusing hydrogen at this rate? This is considered the Sun's "lifetime". If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old (and assuming it's power output is constant), how many years does it have left?
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