In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage λ is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes? HINT: This problem involves cm understanding of eukaryotic DNA replication , as discussed earlier in the text ( see Chapter 11 ). The key to its solution is to consider why the enzyme telomerase is essential in eukaryotic DNA replication, and why bacterial and viral chromosomes can be replicated without encountering the “telomere” problem.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1NST

In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage λ is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?

HINT: This problem involves cm understanding of eukaryotic DNA replication, as discussed earlier in the text (see Chapter 11). The key to its solution is to consider why the enzyme telomerase is essential in eukaryotic DNA replication, and why bacterial and viral chromosomes can be replicated without encountering the “telomere” problem.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions Calculate these : a) B1, b) B2, c) hybrid rate constant (1) d) hybrid rate constant (2) e) t1/2,dist f) t1/2,elim g) k10 h) k12 i) k21 j) initial concentration (C0) k) central compartment volume (V1) l) steady-state volume (Vss) m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞) p) total AUC (using short cut method) q) volume from AUC (VAUC)

In a population of Jackalopes (pictured below), horn length will vary between 0.5 and 2 feet, with the mean length somewhere around 1.05 feet. You pick Jackalopes that have horn lengths around 1.75 feet to breed as this appears to be the optimal length for battling other Jackalopes for food. After a round of breeding, you measure the offsprings' mean horn length is 1.67. What is the heritability of horns length (h2)? Is Jackalope horn length a heritable trait? (4 pts)? 12pt v R Paragraph V BIU A श्र > B

There are many differences between DNA replication happening during mitosis in a Douglas fir tree growing in the Oregon Cascade Mountains and DNA replication happening during a PCR reaction in a forestry research lab at Oregon State University where the laboratory is amplifying a Simple Sequence Repeat. Complete the following table that compares the two DNA replication events in terms of the primers, the nucleotides, the polymerase, and the target sequence. Additionally, give a general value for the number of copies of the template DNA after one S phase in one cell and after the lab has completed the PCR reaction. Tree SSR Type your answer here: Primers Nucleotides Polymerase Target sequence Number of copies

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1NST

In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage λ is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?

HINT: This problem involves cm understanding of eukaryotic DNA replication, as discussed earlier in the text (see Chapter 11). The key to its solution is to consider why the enzyme telomerase is essential in eukaryotic DNA replication, and why bacterial and viral chromosomes can be replicated without encountering the “telomere” problem.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1NST

In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage λ is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?

HINT: This problem involves cm understanding of eukaryotic DNA replication, as discussed earlier in the text (see Chapter 11). The key to its solution is to consider why the enzyme telomerase is essential in eukaryotic DNA replication, and why bacterial and viral chromosomes can be replicated without encountering the “telomere” problem.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1NST

In bacteriophages and bacteria, the DNA is almost always organized into circular (closed loops) chromosomes. Phage λ is an exception, maintaining its DNA in a linear chromosome within the viral particle. However, as soon as this DNA is injected into a host cell, it circularizes before replication begins. What advantage exists in replicating circular DNA molecules compared to linear molecules, characteristic of eukaryotic chromosomes?

HINT: This problem involves cm understanding of eukaryotic DNA replication, as discussed earlier in the text (see Chapter 11). The key to its solution is to consider why the enzyme telomerase is essential in eukaryotic DNA replication, and why bacterial and viral chromosomes can be replicated without encountering the “telomere” problem.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.

Conclusion

Thus, circular DNA is more advantageous than linear DNA because it is more stable than the linear DNA molecules.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To explain: The advantages of replication of DNA in a circular form compared to the linear form.

Introduction: In almost all the organisms, DNA is the genetic material that is inherited from one generation to the next. Depending on the species, DNA exists as a linear or circular molecule. In bacterial species, almost always, DNA is present as a circular chromosome. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

In bacterial species, DNA is mostly present in circular form rather than linear form. Circular DNA serves certain advantages over the linear form. Some of the advantages of circular DNA over linear DNA are as follows:

Circular DNA molecules are more stable compared to the linear molecules.
End regions of linear DNA are more prone to degradation by intracellular enzymes.
Linear DNA molecules have an unprotected OH group. This increases the chances of chemical degradation of linear DNA molecules.
Circular DNA does not show DNA loss, as seen in linear DNA molecules. Linear DNA has telomerase, which shortens after every cell cycle.