Chapter 12, Problem 12.48P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ or $\text{Ca}$

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$ or ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

${\text{CCl}}_4$ or ${\text{CF}}_4$

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.