Chapter 12, Problem 12.2APR

1.

To determine

Bonds: Bonds are long-term promissory notes that are represented by a company while borrowing money from investors to raise fund for financing the operations.

Bonds Payable: Bonds payable are referred to long-term debts of the business, issued to various lenders known as bondholders, generally in multiples of $1,000 per bond, to raise fund for financing the operations.

Discount on bonds payable: It occurs when the bonds are issued at a low price than the face value.

Straight-line amortization method: It is a method of bond amortization that spreads the amount of the bond discount equally over the interest period.

To prepare: Journal entry to record the amount of cash proceeds from the issuance of the bonds on July 1, 2016.

Explanation of Solution

Prepare journal entry for cash proceeds from the issuance of the bonds on July 1, 2016.

Date		Account Title and Explanation			Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
July 1, 2016		Cash				26,646,292
		Discount on Bonds Payable  (1)				1,853,708
			Bonds Payable				28,500,000
				(To record issuance of bonds payable at discount)

Table (1)

Working note:

Calculate discount on bonds payable.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Discount on bonds payable = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Face value }\\ -\text{ Cash received}\end{array}\right)\\ =\$28,500,000-\$26,646,292\\ =\$1,853,708\end{array}$ (1)

• Cash is an asset and it is increased. So, debit it by $26,646,292.
• Discount on Bonds Payable is an adjunct liability account and it is decreased. So, debit it by $1,853,708.
• Bonds payable is a liability and it is increased. So, credit it by $28,500,000.

2(a)

To determine

To prepare: Journal entry to record first interest payment and amortization of bond discount on December 31, 2016.

Explanation of Solution

Prepare journal entry for first interest payment and amortization of discount on bonds.

Date		Account Title and Explanation			Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2016		Interest Expense (4)				1,232,685
December	31		Discount on Bonds Payable  (2)				92,685
			Cash (3)				1,140,000
				(To record semiannual payment of interest and amortization of discount on bonds)

Table (2)

Working notes:

Calculate discount on bonds payable semiannually.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Discount on bonds payable }\\ \text{semiannually}\end{array})\text{=}\frac{\text{Discount}\text{on}\text{bonds}\text{payable}\text{per}\text{year}}{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{semiannual}}\\ \text{=}\frac{\$1,853,708}{20}\\ \text{=}\text{\$92,685}\end{array}$ (2)

Calculate the amount of cash interest.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{ Cash interest = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Face value}\times \text{Face interest rate}\times \\ \text{Interest}\text{time}\text{period}\end{array}\right)\\ =\$28,500,000\times 8\%\times \frac{6}{12}\\ =\$1,140,000\end{array}$ (3)

Calculate the interest expense on the bond.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Interest expense = Cash interest + Discount on bonds payable}\\ =\$1,140,000+\$92,685\\ =\$1,232,685\end{array}$ (4)

• Interest expense is an expense and it decreases the equity value. So, debit it by $1,232,685.
• Discount on Bonds Payable is an adjunct liability account and it is increased. So, credit it by $92,685.
• Cash is an asset and it is decreased. So, credit it by $1,140,000

b)

To determine

To prepare: Journal entry to record second interest payment and amortization of bond discount on June 30, 2017.

Explanation of Solution

Prepare journal entry for second interest payment and amortization of discount on bonds.

Date		Account Title and Explanation			Post Ref	Debit ($)	Credit ($)
2017		Interest Expense (7)				1,232,685
June	30						92,685
							1,140,000
				(To record semiannual payment of interest and amortization of discount on bonds)

Table (3)

Working notes:

Calculate discount on bonds payable semiannually.

$\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text{Discount on bonds payable }\\ \text{semiannually}\end{array})\text{=}\frac{\text{Discount}\text{on}\text{bonds}\text{payable}\text{per}\text{year}}{\text{Number}\text{of}\text{semiannual}}\\ \text{=}\frac{\$1,853,708}{20}\\ \text{=}\text{\$92,685}\end{array}$ (2)

Calculate the amount of cash interest.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{ Cash interest = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{Face value}\times \text{Face interest rate}\times \\ \text{Interest}\text{time}\text{period}\end{array}\right)\\ =\$28,500,000\times 8\%\times \frac{6}{12}\\ =\$1,140,000\end{array}$ (3)

Calculate the interest expense on the bond.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Interest expense = Cash interest + Discount on bonds payable}\\ =\$1,140,000+\$92,685\\ =\$1,232,685\end{array}$ (4)

• Interest expense is an expense and it decreases the equity value. So, debit it by $1,232,685.
• Discount on Bonds Payable is an adjunct liability account and it is increased. So, credit it by $92,685.
• Cash is an asset and it is decreased. So, credit it by $1,140,000

3.

To determine

The amount of total interest expense for 2016.

Explanation of Solution

Determine the amount of total interest expense for 2016.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Total interest expense for 2016 = }\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{ Interest paid in 2016}\\ \text{+}\text{Discount amortized in 2016}\end{array}\right)\\ =\$1,140,000+\$92,685\\ =\$1,232,685\end{array}$

Conclusion

Hence, the amount of total interest expense for 2016 is $1,232,685.

4.

To determine

To explain: The situation when contract rate of bond is less than the market rate of interest.

Explanation of Solution

Yes, the bond proceeds will always be less than the face amount of bonds when the contract interest rate is less than the market interest rate.

If the stated interest rate of a bond is less than the market interest rate, then the bonds is issued at discount. This is because the bonds is less valuable in market and investors is ready to pay less than the maturity value of bonds.

5.

To determine

To calculate: The amount of cash proceeds (present value) from the sale of the bonds using present value tables.

Explanation of Solution

Determine the amount of cash proceeds (present value) from the sale of the bonds.

Step 1: Calculate the semiannual interest on bonds.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Interest}=\text{Face value}\times \text{Face interest rate}\times \text{Interest time period}\\ =\$28,500,000\times 8\%\times \frac{6}{12}\\ =\$1,140,000\end{array}$

Step 2: Calculate the present value of interest.

Particulars	Amount
Interest payment (a)	$1,140,000
PV factor at semiannual market interest rate of 4.5% for 20 periods (b)	13.00794
Present value $\left(\text{a}\right)\text{×}\left(\text{b}\right)$	$14,829,052

Table (4)

Note: Refer Appendix A in the text book for present value factor.

Step 3: Calculate the present value of lump sum payment of $28,500,000 (principal amount) at 4.5% for 20 periods.

Particulars	Amount
Single payment (a)	$28,500,000
PV factor at semiannual market interest rate of 4% for 20 periods (b)	0.41464
Present value $\left(\text{a}\right)\text{×}\left(\text{b}\right)$	$11,817,240

Table (5)

Note: Refer Appendix A in the text book for present value factor.

Step 4: Calculate the amount of cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds.

$\begin{array}{c}\text{Cash proceeds from sale of bonds }=\left(\begin{array}{c}\text{Present value of interest payment} \\ +\text{ Present value of Lump sum payment}\end{array}\right)\\ =\left(\begin{array}{l}\text{\$14,829,052}\left(\text{from table 4}\right)\\ +\text{\$11,817,240}\left(\text{from table 5}\right)\end{array}\right)\\ =\text{\$26,646,292}\end{array}$

Conclusion

Thus, the amount of cash proceeds from the sale of the bonds is $26,646,292