Loose Leaf for Chemistry
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781260162035
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 12.26QP
Describe the fractional crystallization process and its application.
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What is the reaction mechanism for this?
What is the reaction mechanism for this?
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided
starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for
the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
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Drawing Arrows
CH3ONA, CH3OH
heat
: Br:O
Na →
H
H
Br
Na +
H
H
H
H
H
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.H
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Undo
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Done
Q
CH3
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Chemistry
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1PECh. 12.2 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 12.2 - What is the strongest type of intermolecular force...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2PECh. 12.3 - Prob. 3PECh. 12.3 - Prob. 4PECh. 12.3 - Prob. 5PECh. 12.3 - A solution is prepared at 20C and its...Ch. 12.3 - Determine the percent composition by mass of LiCl...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3RCF
Ch. 12.4 - Using Figure 12.3, rank the potassium salts in...Ch. 12.5 - Calculate the molar concentration of oxygen in...Ch. 12.5 - Which of the following gases has the greatest...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2RCFCh. 12.6 - Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution made by...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 8PECh. 12.6 - Prob. 9PECh. 12.6 - A solution of 0.85 g of an organic compound in...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 11PECh. 12.6 - A solution contains equal molar amounts of liquids...Ch. 12.6 - What does it mean when we say that the osmotic...Ch. 12.6 - Calculate the boiling point and freezing point of...Ch. 12.7 - The freezing-point depression of a 0.100 m MgSO4...Ch. 12.7 - Indicate which compound in each of the following...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 2RCFCh. 12 - Prob. 12.1QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2QPCh. 12 - Briefly describe the solution process at the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5QPCh. 12 - As you know, some solution processes are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.7QPCh. 12 - Describe the factors that affect the solubility of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.10QPCh. 12 - Arrange the following compounds in order of...Ch. 12 - Explain the variations in solubility in water of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.13QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.14QPCh. 12 - Calculate the percent by mass of the solute in...Ch. 12 - Calculate the amount of water (in grams) that must...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.17QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.18QPCh. 12 - Calculate the molalities of the following aqueous...Ch. 12 - For dilute aqueous solutions in which the density...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.21QPCh. 12 - The concentrated sulfuric acid we use in the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.23QPCh. 12 - The density of an aqueous solution containing 10.0...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.25QPCh. 12 - Describe the fractional crystallization process...Ch. 12 - A 3.20-g sample of a salt dissolves in 9.10 g of...Ch. 12 - The solubility of KNO3 is 155 g per 100 g of water...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.29QPCh. 12 - Discuss the factors that influence the solubility...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.31QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.32QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33QPCh. 12 - A man bought a goldfish in a pet shop. Upon...Ch. 12 - A beaker of water is initially saturated with...Ch. 12 - A miner working 260 m below sea level opened a...Ch. 12 - The solubility of CO2 in water at 25C and 1 atm is...Ch. 12 - The solubility of N2 in blood at 37C and at a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.39QPCh. 12 - Write the equation representing Raoults law, and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.41QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47QPCh. 12 - Describe how you would use freezing-point...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.49QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.50QPCh. 12 - The vapor pressure of benzene is 100.0 mmHg at...Ch. 12 - The vapor pressures of ethanol (C2H5OH) and...Ch. 12 - The vapor pressure of ethanol (C2H5OH) at 20C is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.54QPCh. 12 - What are the boiling point and freezing point of a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.56QPCh. 12 - Pheromones are compounds secreted by the females...Ch. 12 - The elemental analysis of an organic solid...Ch. 12 - How many liters of the antifreeze ethylene glycol...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.60QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.61QPCh. 12 - A solution of 2.50 g of a compound having the...Ch. 12 - A solution containing 0.8330 g of a polymer of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.65QPCh. 12 - A solution of 6.85 g of a carbohydrate in 100.0 g...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.67QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.69QPCh. 12 - Consider two aqueous solutions, one of sucrose...Ch. 12 - Arrange the following solutions in order of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.72QPCh. 12 - What are the normal freezing points and boiling...Ch. 12 - At 25C the vapor pressure of pure water is 23.76...Ch. 12 - Both NaCl and CaCl2 are used to melt ice on roads...Ch. 12 - A 0.86 percent by mass solution of NaCl is called...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.77QPCh. 12 - Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 0.0500 M MgSO4...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.79QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.80QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QPCh. 12 - Water and methanol are miscible with each other...Ch. 12 - Lysozyme is an enzyme that cleaves bacterial cell...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.84QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.85QPCh. 12 - Two liquids A and B have vapor pressures of 76...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.87QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.88QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QPCh. 12 - Calculate the mass of naphthalene (C10H8) that...Ch. 12 - Consider the three mercury manometers shown. One...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.92QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.93QPCh. 12 - A solution of 1.00 g of anhydrous aluminum...Ch. 12 - Desalination is a process of removing dissolved...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.96QPCh. 12 - A protein has been isolated as a salt with the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.98QPCh. 12 - Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 3.0...Ch. 12 - State which of the alcohols listed in Problem...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.101QPCh. 12 - Iodine (I2) is only sparingly soluble in water...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.103QPCh. 12 - In the apparatus shown, what will happen if the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.105QPCh. 12 - Concentrated hydrochloric acid is usually...Ch. 12 - Explain each of the following statements: (a) The...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.108QPCh. 12 - A 0.050 M hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution is 11...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a plot of vapor pressures of two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.111QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.112QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.113QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.114QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.115QPCh. 12 - A mixture of ethanol and 1-propanol behaves...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.117QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.118QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.119QPCh. 12 - Acetic acid is a weak acid that ionizes in...Ch. 12 - Making mayonnaise involves beating oil into small...Ch. 12 - Acetic acid is a polar molecule and can form...Ch. 12 - A 2.6-L sample of water contains 192 g of lead....Ch. 12 - Certain fishes in the Antarctic Ocean swim in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.125QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.126QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.127QPCh. 12 - At 27C, the vapor pressure of pure water is 23.76...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.129QPCh. 12 - Liquids A (molar mass 100 g/mol) and B (molar mass...Ch. 12 - A very long pipe is capped at one end with a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.132QPCh. 12 - A mixture of liquids A and B exhibits ideal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.134QPCh. 12 - (a) Derive the equation relating the molality (m)...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.136QPCh. 12 - A student carried out the following procedure to...Ch. 12 - Valinomycin is an antibiotic. It functions by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.139QPCh. 12 - Here is an after-dinner trick. With guests still...Ch. 12 - The molecule drawn here has shown promise as an...Ch. 12 - The Henrys law constant of oxygen in water at 25C...Ch. 12 - The diagram shows the vapor pressure curves for...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.144QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.146QP
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- What is the reaction mechanism for this?arrow_forward20.19 Predict the structure of the major 1,2-addition product formed by reaction of one mole of Cl₂ with 3-methylenecyclohexene. Also predict the structure of the 1,4-addition product formed under these conditions. 20.20 Which of the two molecules shown do you expect to be the major product formed by 1,2-addition of HCI to cyclopentadiene? Explain. Cyclopentadiene + HC 3-Chlorocyclopentene (racemic) or 4-Chlorocyclopentene (racemic)arrow_forward20.35 Propose structural formulas for compounds A and B and specify the configuration of compound B. EtO₂C 250°C C14H2004 CO₂Et 1. Oso, then NaHSO3 2. HIO4 C14H2006 A Barrow_forward
- 20.21 Predict the major product formed by 1,4-addition of HCI to cyclopentadiene. 20.22 Draw structural formulas for the two constitutional isomers with the molecular for- mula C₂H,Br, formed by adding one mole of Br, to cyclopentadiene.arrow_forwardAdd substituents to draw the conformer below (sighting down the indicated bond), then rotate the back carbon to provide the conformation that will be capable of an E2 elimination. R/S stereochemistry is graded. + I I H CH3 Ph Досн Br OCH 3 Drawing Q H Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges Tap a node to see suggestions. H H H H H Undo Reset Remove Done Rotatearrow_forward20.17 Predict the structure of the major product formed by 1,2-addition of HBr to 3-methylenecyclohexene. 3-Methylenecyclohexene 20.18 Predict the major product formed by 1,4-addition of HBr to 3-methylenecyclohexene.arrow_forward
- + Draw a vicinal alkyl bromide that would produce the following alkene in an E2 elimination. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate stereochemistry on asymmetric centers, where applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Br Drawing Strong Base H Q Atoms, Bonds Charges and Rings Draw or tap a new bond to see suggestions. Remove Done 語 Reset Undo + Drag To Panarrow_forwardDraw a vicinal alkyl bromide that would produce the following alkene in an E2 elimination. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate stereochemistry on asymmetric centers, where applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. + Drawing Į Strong Base H Br Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges Draw or tap a new bond to see suggestions. Undo Reset 謂 Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forwardDraw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. + Br CH3 Q Strong Base Drawing Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges Undo Reset H "Br H N Br. Remove Done .N. Drag To Panarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the curved arrows to draw the product of this elementary step in an elimination mechanism. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore byproducts. + Br: .. 8 0.01 M NaOH heat Drawing Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges and Lone Pairs Draw or tap a new bond to see suggestions. Undo Reset Remove Done + Drag To Panarrow_forward+ Draw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Ph CH2CH3 H H3C H Br DBN [૪] Drawing Atoms, Bonds and Rings H | OH Charges ―00 H. C | Undo Reset Br I Remove Done Drag To Pan +arrow_forwardReaction A Now the production A Œ In the product of reaction i 12 Dear the product of actionarrow_forward
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY