(a) Interpretation: Whether the peak at m / z = 83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated. Concept introduction: In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=83 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=56 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the peak at m/z=41 in mass spectrum of 1-heptanol is odd-electron or even-electron fragment is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In mass spectrometry, an electron is lost to form a molecular ion. Two types of fragmentation occur. A stable molecular ion decomposes slowly and a peak with large relative abundance is detected in the mass spectrometer. If the molecular ion is unstable, it decomposes into several ions.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.2P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.4P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.5P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.8P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10P

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Chapter 12 Solutions