Concept explainers
Work these exercises.
Waiting Time The average number of vehicles waiting in line to enter a parking lot can be modeled by the function
where x is a quantity between 0 and 1 known as the traffic intensity.+ Find the rate of change of the number of vehicles waiting with respect to the traffic intensity for the following values of the intensity: +F. Mannering and W. Kilareski, Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Control, Second Edition (John Wiley and Sons, 1997).
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Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
Mathematics with Applications In the Management, Natural, and Social Sciences (12th Edition)
- aThe average rate of change of a function f between x=a and x=b is the slope of the ___________ line between (a,f(a)) and (b,f(b)).arrow_forwardbThe average rate of change of the linear function f(x)=3x+5 between any two points is ________.arrow_forwardFor the experimental can described in Example 8, write the surface area as a function of (a) the radius r and (b) the height h.arrow_forward
- In Example 7, find the average speed of the car (a) from t1=0tot2=1 second and (b) from t1=1 second to t2=4 seconds.arrow_forwardMosteller Formula for Body Surface Area: Body surface area is an important piece of medical information because it is a factor in temperature regulation as well as some drug level determinations. The Mosteller formula gives one way of estimating body surface area B in square meters. The formula uses the weight w in kilograms and the height h in centimeters. The relation is B=hw60 In this exercise, we consider people who are 190 centimeters tall. a. Write a formula for B as a function of w. b. Make a graph of B versus w. includes weights up to 100 kilograms. c. Is the graph you made in part b concave up or concave down? d. In this part, we consider the effect of weight gain on men who are 190 centimeters tall. Would the weight gain have a greater effect on surface area for a lighter man or for a heavier man?arrow_forwardLet f(x)=1x . Find a number c such that the average rate of change of the functionfon the interval (1,c) is 14arrow_forward
- Demand A company has found that the daily demand x for its boxes of chocolates is inversely proportional to the price p. When the price is $5, the demand is 800 boxes. Approximate the demand when the price is increased to $6.arrow_forwardGrazing Kangaroos The amount of vegetation eaten in a day by a grazing animal V of food available measured as biomass, in units such as pounds per acre. This relationship is called the functional response. If there is little vegetation available, the daily intake will be small, since the animal will have difficulty finding and eating the food. As the amount of food biomass increases, so does the daily intake. Clearly, though, there is a limit to the amount the animal will eat, regardless of the amount of food available. This maximum amount eaten is the satiation level. a.For the western grey kangaroo of Australia, the functional response is G=2.54.8e0.004V, where G=G(V) is the daily intake measured in pounds and V is the vegetation biomass measured in pounds per acre. i. Draw a graph of G against V. Include vegetation biomass levels up to 2000 pounds per acre. ii. Is the graph you found in part i concave up or concave down? Explain in practical terms what your answer means about how this kangaroo feeds. iii. There is a minimal vegetation biomass level below which the western grey kangaroo will eat nothing. Another way of expressing this is to say that the animal cannot reduce the food biomass below this level. Find this minimal level. iv. Find the satiation level for the western grey kangaroo. b. For the red kangaroo of Australia, the functional response is R=1.91.9e0.033V, Where R is the daily intake measured in pounds and V is the vegetation biomass measured in pounds per acre. i. Add the graph of R against V to the graph of G you drew in part a. ii. A simple measure of the grazing efficiency of an animal involves the minimal vegetation biomass level described above: The lower the minimal level for an animal, the more efficient it is at grazing. Which is more efficient at grazing, the western grey kangaroo or the red kangaroo?arrow_forwardHigh School Graduates The following table shows the number, in millions, graduating from high school in the United States in the given year. Year Number graduating in millions 1985 2.83 1987 2.65 1989 2.47 1991 2.29 a. By calculating difference, show that these data can be modeled using a linear function. b. What is the slope for the linear function modeling high school graduations? Explain in practical terms the meaning of the slope. c. Find a formula for a linear function that models these data. d. Express, using functional notation, the number graduating from high school in 1994, and then use your formula from part c to calculate that value.arrow_forward
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