HUMAN BIOLOGY
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781260233032
Author: Mader
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 3LO
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The mechanism by which kidneys assist in the maintenance of the pH level of the blood.
Introduction:
The transport of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions across the membrane channels causes the changes in the pH values. The blood has an acidic environment if the concentration of the hydrogen ions is high in the blood cells present in the capillary network of the blood vessels.
The concentration of the hydrogen ions is balanced by the ammonium ions in the blood. The hydrogen ions concentration is balanced by the levels of the bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions in the tubules of the nephrons and red blood cells in the capillaries.
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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
Chapter 11 Solutions
HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - 1. Summarize the functions of the urinary system.
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.1 - List and briefly describe the functions of the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1BTSCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2BTSCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2BTHCh. 11.3 - List the three major processes in urine formation,...Ch. 11.3 - Summarize the functions of glomerular filtration,...Ch. 11.3 - List the components of the blood that are...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.4 - State the purpose of ADH, ANH, and aldosterone in...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 11.4 - Detail the differences between dilute and...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1BTHCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2BTHCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 11 - Prob. 1ACh. 11 - Prob. 2ACh. 11 - Prob. 3ACh. 11 - Prob. 4ACh. 11 - Prob. 5ACh. 11 - Prob. 6ACh. 11 - 7. The function of the descending limb of the loop...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8ACh. 11 - Prob. 9ACh. 11 - Prob. 10ACh. 11 - Prob. 11ACh. 11 - Prob. 12ACh. 11 - Prob. 13ACh. 11 - Prob. 14ACh. 11 - 15. Hemodialysis is done to reduce the effects of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1TCCh. 11 - Prob. 2TCCh. 11 - 3. Many men who have prostate cancer have some or...Ch. 11 - Recall the anatomical position of the kidneys, and...
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