Introductory Statistics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168208
Author: Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 91H
A major food manufacturer is concerned that the sales for its skinny french fries have been decreasing. As a part of a feasibility study, the company conducts research into the types of fries sold across the country to determine if the type of fries sold is independent of the area of the country. The results of the study are shown in Table 11.48. Conduct a test of independence.
| Type of Fries | Northeast | South | Central | West |
| skinny fries | 70 | 50 | 20 | 25 |
| curly fries | 100 | 60 | 15 | 30 |
| steak fries | 20 | 40 | 10 | 10 |
Table 11.48
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(c) Because logistic regression predicts probabilities of outcomes, observations used to build a logistic regression model need not be independent.
A. false: all observations must be independent
B. true
C. false: only observations with the same outcome need to be independent
I ANSWERED: A. false: all observations must be independent.
(This was marked wrong but I have no idea why. Isn't this a basic assumption of logistic regression)
Business discuss
Spam filters are built on principles similar to those used in logistic regression. We fit a probability that each message is spam or not spam. We have several variables for each email. Here are a few: to_multiple=1 if there are multiple recipients, winner=1 if the word 'winner' appears in the subject line, format=1 if the email is poorly formatted, re_subj=1 if "re" appears in the subject line. A logistic model was fit to a dataset with the following output:
Estimate
SE
Z
Pr(>|Z|)
(Intercept)
-0.8161
0.086
-9.4895
0
to_multiple
-2.5651
0.3052
-8.4047
0
winner
1.5801
0.3156
5.0067
0
format
-0.1528
0.1136
-1.3451
0.1786
re_subj
-2.8401
0.363
-7.824
0
(a) Write down the model using the coefficients from the model fit.log_odds(spam) = -0.8161 + -2.5651 + to_multiple + 1.5801 winner + -0.1528 format + -2.8401 re_subj(b) Suppose we have an observation where to_multiple=0, winner=1, format=0, and re_subj=0. What is the predicted probability that this message is spam?…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Introductory Statistics
Ch. 11 - A factory manager needs to understand how many...Ch. 11 - Teachers want to know which night each week their...Ch. 11 - The expected percentage of the number of pets...Ch. 11 - Students in a social studies class hypothesize...Ch. 11 - A sample of 300 students is taken. Of the students...Ch. 11 - The Bureau of Labor Statistics gathers data about...Ch. 11 - Refer back to the information in Try It. How many...Ch. 11 - Do families and singles have the same distribution...Ch. 11 - Ivy League schools receive many applications, but...Ch. 11 - A SCUBA instructor wants to record the collective...
Ch. 11 - The FCC conducts broadband speed tests to measure...Ch. 11 - If the number of degrees of freedom for a...Ch. 11 - If df > 90, the distribution is _____________. If...Ch. 11 - When does the chi-square curve approximate a...Ch. 11 - Where is µ located on a chi-square curve?Ch. 11 - Is it more likely the df is 90, 20, or two in the...Ch. 11 - Determine the appropriate test to be used in the...Ch. 11 - Determine the appropriate test to be used in the...Ch. 11 - Determine the appropriate test to be used in the...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - x2test statistic = ______. Use the following...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Test of Independence Determine the appropriate...Ch. 11 - Test of Independence Determine the appropriate...Ch. 11 - Test of Independence Determine the appropriate...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - a = 0.05 a. 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Fill in the...Ch. 11 - The marital status distribution of the U.S. male...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - The City of South Lake Tahoe, CA, has an Asian...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 11 - In a goodness-of-fit test, the expected values are...Ch. 11 - In general, if the observed values and expected...Ch. 11 - Use a goodness-of-fit test to determine if high...Ch. 11 - The test to use to determine if a six-sided die is...Ch. 11 - In a goodness-of fit test, if the p-value is...Ch. 11 - A sample of 212 commercial businesses was surveyed...Ch. 11 - Table 11.42 contains information from a survey...Ch. 11 - A recent debate about where in the United States...Ch. 11 - Car manufacturers are interested in whether there...Ch. 11 - College students may be interested in whether or...Ch. 11 - Some travel agents claim that honeymoon hot spots...Ch. 11 - A manager of a sports club keeps information...Ch. 11 - A major food manufacturer is concerned that the...Ch. 11 - According to Dan Lenard, an independent insurance...Ch. 11 - Suppose that 600 thirty-year-olds were surveyed to...Ch. 11 - The number of degrees of freedom for a test of...Ch. 11 - The test for independence uses tables of observed...Ch. 11 - The test to use when determining if the college or...Ch. 11 - In a test of independence, the expected number is...Ch. 11 - An ice cream maker performs a nationwide survey...Ch. 11 - Table 11.52 provides a recent survey of the...Ch. 11 - A 2013 poll in California surveyed people about...Ch. 11 - A psychologist is interested in testing whether...Ch. 11 - Do men and women select different breakfasts? 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