Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 8TYU

DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway, which operates in human immune cells. A death signal is received when a molecule called Fas binds its cell-surface receptor. The binding of many Fas molecules to receptors causes receptor clustering. The intracellular regions of the receptors, when together, bind proteins called adaptor proteins. These in turn bind to inactive molecules of caspase-8, which become activated and then activate caspase-3. Once activated, caspase-3 initiates apoptosis.

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. Consider a base substitution mutation that occurred in a DNA sequence that resulted in a change in the encoded protein from the amino acid glutamic acid to aspartic acid. Normally the glutamic acid amino acid is located on the outside of the soluble protein but not near an active site. O-H¨ A. What type of mutation occurred? O-H B. What 2 types of chemical bonds are found in the R-groups of each amino acid? The R groups are shaded. CH2 CH2 CH2 H2N-C-COOH H2N-C-COOH 1 H Glutamic acid H Aspartic acid C. What 2 types of bonds could each R-group of each of these amino acids form with other molecules? D. Consider the chemical properties of the two amino acids and the location of the amino acid in the protein. Explain what effect this mutation will have on this protein's function and why.
engineered constructs that consist of hollow fibers are acting as synthetic capillaries, around which cells have been loaded. The cellular space around a single fiber can be modeled as if it were a Krogh tissue cylinder. Each fiber has an outside “capillary” radius of 100 µm and the “tissue” radius can be taken as 200 µm. The following values apply to the device:R0 = 20 µM/secaO2 = 1.35 µM/mmHgDO2,T = 1.67 x 10-5 cm2/secPO2,m = 4 x 10-3 cm/secInstead of blood inside the fibers, the oxygen transport and tissue consumption are being investigated by usingan aqueous solution saturated with pure oxygen. As a result, there is no mass transfer resistance in the synthetic“capillary”, only that due to the membrane itself. Rather than accounting for pO2 variations along the length ofthe fiber, use an average value in the “capillary” of 130 mmHg.Is the tissue fully oxygenated?

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Campbell Biology (11th Edition)

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