Economics
Economics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319066604
Author: Paul Krugman, Robin Wells
Publisher: Worth Publishers
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Chapter 11, Problem 7P
To determine

Concept Introduction:

Marginal Cost (MC): It refers to the rate by which the total cost of the produced good changes when the production increases by a single unit. As the fixed cost is constant irrespective of production, so the marginal cost depends on the variable cost only in the short run. Marginal cost is calculated as follows:

Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  1

Here,

  • Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  2is the marginal cost.
  • Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  3is the change in total cost
  • Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  4is the change in quantity.

Average Total Cost (ATC): It is also referred as the cost of a single unit, it includes the overall cost, that is the variable cost as well as the fixed cost. A firm should always maintain the price of a product above the ATC, otherwise it will result in loss for the firm. The formula for ATC is:

Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  5

Here,

  • AFC is the average fixed cost.
  • AVC is the average variable cost.
  • ATC is the average total cost.

Average fixed cost (AFC): This is the cost, which is constant for the firm irrespective of the output produced by the firm. So the AFC is a fixed cost per unit produced by the firm. It refers to the total fixed cost divided by the output.

Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  6

Here,

  • AFC is the average fixed cost
  • TFC is the total fixed cost
  • Q is the quantity of output.

Average variable cost (AVC): This is not a constant cost for the firm, it changes with a change in output. Therefore, the AVC is a per unit cost of that variable input. It is calculated as follows:

Economics, Chapter 11, Problem 7P , additional homework tip  7

Here,

  • AVC is the average variable cost
  • TFC is the total fixed cost
  • Q is the quantity of output.

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