Chapter 11, Problem 78SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The hybridization of atomic orbitals should be described briefly.

Concept introduction:

When there is a formation of a new set of orbitals by overlapping of valence shell atomic orbitals, it is called as hybridization and the orbitals are known as hybridized orbitals.

These newly formed hybridized orbitals are present in equal number to the numbers of atomic orbitals which are overlapped with the equal level of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The $\sigma$ -bond framework should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization resulted due to the formation of a new set of orbitals by overlapping of valence shell atomic orbitals and the orbitals are known as hybridized orbitals.

When hybridized orbitals are again overlapped with other hybridized orbitals or valence shell orbitals through the inter-nuclear axis, it is known as a sigma bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Kekule structure of benzene should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Kekule was the first scientist who had given the first stable structure of benzene in which six carbons of benzene are present in a hexagonal shape.

In this structure, each carbon contains one hydrogen atom with it and single and double bonds are present in between carbon-carbon atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Theband theory should be explained for metallic bonding.

Concept introduction:

Metallic bonding is a term used to represent the chemical bonding between the mobile electrons and fixed positively charged metallic atoms.

This type of bonding is the strongest bonding as metals have strong attraction forces between them.