Chapter 11, Problem 64IAE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization scheme for the marked atoms and bond angles for the marked angles needs to be determined for the given structure of toluene 2-4 di-isocyanate.

Concept introduction:

In hybridization, the mixing of atomic orbitals takes place to from new hybrid orbital (with a different energy, shapes, etc.) which is appropriate for the pairing of electrons reulsting formation of chemical bonds.

The concept valence bond theory explains the detailed manner of the covalent bond foirmation that takes place by the overlapping of two half-filled orbitals of different atoms.

Hybridization is of three types:

$sp,s{p}^2,s{p}^3$

$sp$ = The $\text{C}\equiv \text{C}$ is sp hybridized.

$s{p}^2$ = The $\text{C}=\text{C}$ is $s{p}^2$ hybridized.

$s{p}^3$ = The $\text{C}-\text{C}$ is $s{p}^3$ hybridized.