Chapter 11, Problem 42CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A synthesis method of methyl 4-methylpentanoate from 2-methylbutane has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Ozonolysis:  It involves breaking of alkene double bond and addition of oxygen atoms to form carbonyl compounds.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ Reaction:  It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.  A general ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction mechanism is given as,

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Hydro-halogenation: Hydrogen and halogen added across the double bond of the alkene in Markovnikov’s path is called hydro halogenation. This addition reaction proceeds via anti-Markovnikov’s path in presence of peroxides.