
To determine:
The reason why constipation occurs after the usage of medications that block muscle contraction on the basis of muscles found in the
Introduction:
The digestive system is comprised of four types of muscles throughout the GI (gastrointestinal) tract. These muscles include mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
The innermost layer next to lumen is the mucosa. This layer consists of cells that secrete mucus, which protects the digestive tract from the harmful effects of digestive enzymes. Next to the mucosa is the sub-mucosa. It consists of blood vessels, nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels. The third layer is muscular. This layer aids in the peristaltic movements. The fourth layer is the serosa. It is the outermost layer and it secretes a lubricating fluid.

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Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Biology, 14 Edition
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