BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264839698
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 11, Problem 2S
Mules are the offspring of the mating of a horse and a donkey. Mules are unable to reproduce. A horse has a total of 64 chromosomes, whereas donkeys have 62 chromosomes. Use your knowledge of meiosis to predict the diploid chromosome number of a mule. Propose a possible explanation for the inability of mules to reproduce.
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Non disjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in an
abnormal number of chromosomes in the gametes. Assume an animal species has a
diploid number of 4. Describe and/or show what the normal gametes would be like, and
what would result from non disjunction in meiosis one, and what would result from non
disjunction in meiosis two. You may use a drawing as part of your answer, but a drawing
alone is not sufficient.
Consider a diploid cell that has 2n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
Consider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.
Chapter 11 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.2 - Describe how homologous chromosomes pair during...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 11.4 - Explain the importance of the suppression of...
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1IQCh. 11 - In comparing somatic cells and gametes, somatic...Ch. 11 - What are homologous chromosomes? a. The two halves...Ch. 11 - Chiasmata form a. between homologous chromosomes....Ch. 11 - Crossing over involves each of the following with...Ch. 11 - During anaphase I a. sister chromatids separate...Ch. 11 - At metaphase I the kinetochores of sister...Ch. 11 - What occurs during anaphase of meiosis II? a. The...Ch. 11 - Which of the following does NOT contribute to...Ch. 11 - How does DNA replication differ between mitosis...Ch. 11 - Which of the following is NOT a distinct feature...Ch. 11 - Which phase of meiosis I is most similar to the...Ch. 11 - Structurally, meiotic cohesins have different...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6ACh. 11 - Diagram the process of meiosis for an imaginary...Ch. 11 - Mules are the offspring of the mating of a horse...Ch. 11 - Compare the processes of independent assortment...Ch. 11 - Aneuploid gametes are cells that contain the wrong...
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- Dogs have a diploid chromosome number of 78. How many chromosomes do their gametes have? a. 39 c. 156 b. 78 d. 234arrow_forwardConsider a diploid cell that has 2 n = 4 chromosomes: one pair of metacentric chromosomes and one pair of acrocentric chromosomes. Suppose that this cell undergoes nondisjunction, giving rise to an autotriploid cell (3 n). The triploid cell then undergoes meiosis. Draw the different types of gametes that could result from meiosis in the triploid cell, showing the chromosomes present in each type. To distinguish between the different metacentric and acrocentricchromosomes, use a different color to draw each metacentric chromosome; similarly, use a different color to draw each acrocentric chromosome.arrow_forwardA diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes, one gamete is found to have 6 chromosomes and one gamete is found to have 4 chromosomes. 1. Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred. 2. Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.arrow_forward
- Draw a diagram of the animal’s diploid chromosome movement during normal meiosis. The Australian Ant has 1 chromosomearrow_forwardDraw a diagram of meiosis in a cell where 2n = 6, in a case where there is interchromosomal mixing. Use a clearly labelled colour code (what does each colour represent?) to represent the chromosomes.arrow_forwardConstruct a table similar to that in Figure 2.12 for the different stages of meiosis, giving the number of chromosomes per cell and the number of DNA molecules per cell for a cell that begins with 4 chromosomes (two homologous pairs) in G1. Include the following stages in your table: G1, S, G2, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I (after cytokinesis), prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II (after cytokinesis).arrow_forward
- Use an illustration to show the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain three processes that give rise to genetic variation. The diagram below shows a pair of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. Which of the following is the correct diagram of the gametes that produced the cell if there were no errors in meiosis?arrow_forwardThe chromosome number in meiocyte of butterfly is 380. Find out the chromosome number in gamete?arrow_forwardIdentify two ways meiosis contributes to genetic recombination? Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes? Blue whales have 44 chromosomes in every cell. Determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following: Cachalot whale Egg cell Daughter cell from mitosis Daughter cell from mitosis IIarrow_forward
- Explain how meiosis is able to produce cells with a haploid number of chromosomes and explain exactly what happens in meiosis how the chromosome number becomes haploid; and how meiosis differs from mitosis.arrow_forwardWhich case of nondisjunction is MOST likely to result in the production of an aneuploid cell? A. nondisjunction in meiosis I because two of the resulting cells will be n+1 and two will be n–1 B. nondisjunction in meiosis I because two of the resulting cells will be n; one will be n+1 and one will be n–1 C. nondisjunction in meiosis II because two of the resulting cells will be n+1 and two will be n–1 D. nondisjunction in meiosis II because all four resulting cells will be n; one will be n+1 and one will be n–1arrow_forwardSheep have a diploid number of 54 chromosomes. Complete the following table by stating the number of cells and the number of chromosomes at the end of each of the following stages of meiosis and mitosis.arrow_forward
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