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What Formulas Mean In Exercises S-25 through S-33, you are asked to relate functional notation to practical explanations of what certain functions mean.
Time to Pay Off a Loan The function
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- Tax Owed According to the Oklahoma Income Tax Table for 2010, the income tax owed by an Oklahoma resident who is married and filing jointly with a taxable income above 100, 000 is 5070 plus 5.5 of the taxable income over 100, 000. a. Use a formula to express the tax owed as a function of the taxable income, assuming that the taxable income is above 100, 000. Be sure to explain the meaning of the letters you choose and the units. b. What is the tax on a taxable income of 108, 650? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. c. For what taxable income would the tax be 5686?arrow_forwardWhat Formulas Mean In Exercises S-25 through S-33, you are asked to relate functional notation to practical explanations of what certain functions mean. Grocery Bill If c(p,s,h) is the cost of buying p bags of potato chips, ssodas, and h hot dogs, use functional notation to express the cost of buying 2 bags of potato chips, 3 sodas, and 5 hot dogs.arrow_forwardTitanic At 2:00 p.m. on April 11, 1912, the Titanic left Cobh, Ireland, on her voyage to New York City. At 11:40 p.m. on April 14, the Titanic struck an iceberg and sank, having covered only about 2100 miles of the approximately 3400-mile trip. (a) What was the total duration of the voyage in hours? (b) What was the average speed in miles per hour? (c) Write a function relating the distance of the Titanic from New York City and the number of hours traveled. Find the domain and range of the function. (d) Graph the function in part (c).arrow_forward
- m Miles per Gallon The cost of operating a car depends on the gas mileage in that your car gets, the cost x per gallon of gasoline, and the distance d that you drive. a. How much does it cost to drive 100 miles if your car gets 25 miles per gallon and gasoline costs 349 cents per gallon? b. Find a formula that gives the cost C as a function of m, g, and d be sure to state the units of each variable. c. Use functional notation to show the cost of driving a car that gets 28 miles per gallon a distance of 138 miles if gasoline costs 3.69 per gallon Use the formula from part b to calculate the cost.arrow_forwardGrowth in Length of Haddock D.S. Raitt found that the length L of haddock in centimeters as a function of the age t in years is given approximately by the formula L=5342.820.82t a. Calculate L(4) and explain what it means. b. Compare the average yearly rate of growth in length from age 5 to age 10 years with the average yearly rate of growth from age 15 to age 20 years. Explain in practical terms what this tells you about the way haddock grow. c. What is the longest haddock you would expect to find anywhere?arrow_forwardFalling with a parachute If an average-sized man jumps from an airplane with an open parachute, his downward velocity t seconds into the fall is v(t)=20(10.2t) Feet per second. a. Use functional notation to express the velocity 2 seconds into the fall, and then calculate it. b. Explain how the velocity increases with time. Include in your explanation the average rate of change from the beginning of the fall to the end of the first second and the average rate of change from the fifth second to the sixth second of the fall. c. Find the terminal velocity. d. Compare the time it takes to reach 99 of terminal velocity here with the time it took to reach 99 of terminal velocity in Example 2.1. On the basis of the information we have, which would you expect to reach 99 of terminal velocity first, a feather or a cannonball?arrow_forward
- Mosteller Formula for Body Surface Area: Body surface area is an important piece of medical information because it is a factor in temperature regulation as well as some drug level determinations. The Mosteller formula gives one way of estimating body surface area B in square meters. The formula uses the weight w in kilograms and the height h in centimeters. The relation is B=hw60 In this exercise, we consider people who are 190 centimeters tall. a. Write a formula for B as a function of w. b. Make a graph of B versus w. includes weights up to 100 kilograms. c. Is the graph you made in part b concave up or concave down? d. In this part, we consider the effect of weight gain on men who are 190 centimeters tall. Would the weight gain have a greater effect on surface area for a lighter man or for a heavier man?arrow_forwardGrazing Kangaroos The amount of vegetation eaten in a day by a grazing animal V of food available measured as biomass, in units such as pounds per acre. This relationship is called the functional response. If there is little vegetation available, the daily intake will be small, since the animal will have difficulty finding and eating the food. As the amount of food biomass increases, so does the daily intake. Clearly, though, there is a limit to the amount the animal will eat, regardless of the amount of food available. This maximum amount eaten is the satiation level. a.For the western grey kangaroo of Australia, the functional response is G=2.54.8e0.004V, where G=G(V) is the daily intake measured in pounds and V is the vegetation biomass measured in pounds per acre. i. Draw a graph of G against V. Include vegetation biomass levels up to 2000 pounds per acre. ii. Is the graph you found in part i concave up or concave down? Explain in practical terms what your answer means about how this kangaroo feeds. iii. There is a minimal vegetation biomass level below which the western grey kangaroo will eat nothing. Another way of expressing this is to say that the animal cannot reduce the food biomass below this level. Find this minimal level. iv. Find the satiation level for the western grey kangaroo. b. For the red kangaroo of Australia, the functional response is R=1.91.9e0.033V, Where R is the daily intake measured in pounds and V is the vegetation biomass measured in pounds per acre. i. Add the graph of R against V to the graph of G you drew in part a. ii. A simple measure of the grazing efficiency of an animal involves the minimal vegetation biomass level described above: The lower the minimal level for an animal, the more efficient it is at grazing. Which is more efficient at grazing, the western grey kangaroo or the red kangaroo?arrow_forwardAverage Speed: A commuter regularly drives 70 miles from home to work, and the amount of time required for the trip varies widely as a result of road and traffic conditions. The average speed for such a trip is a function of the time required. For example, if the trip takes 2 hours, then the average speed is 70/2 = 35 miles per hour. a. What is the average speed if the trip takes an hour and a half? b. Find a formula for the average speed as a function of the time required for the trip. You need to choose variable and function names. Be sure to state units. c. Make a graph of the average speed as a function of the time required. Includes trips from 1 hour to 3 hours in length. d. Is the graph concave up or concave down? Explain in practical terms what this meansarrow_forward
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