
Concept explainers
Your bore cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because
- a. different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell.
- b. they are present in different organs.
- c. different genes are active in each kind of cell.
- d. different mutations have occurred in each kind of cell.

Introduction:
Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical. However, different cells are specialized to perform different roles through the differential gene expression process. Gene expression is regulated by turning on and off gene. Gene regulation is largely controlled by the binding of regulatory proteins to specific sites on DNA.
Answer to Problem 1SQ
Correct answer:
Eukaryotic and multicellular organisms regulate gene expression to maintain different cell types during embryonic development. Therefore, option c. is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement:
The gene regulation process facilitates the production of a specific set of protein. This process results in a different type of cells, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and bone cells.
Option c. is given as “different genes are active in each kind of cell”.
In eukaryotic organisms, each cell maintains differential gene expression. As the differential gene expression provides the cells with the expression of different proteins responsible for specific characters, different cell types (muscle, bone, and skin cells) look different.
Hence, option c. is correct.
Reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option a. is given as “different kinds of genes are present in each kind of cell”.
All the cells present in an organism contain identical genetic composition. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option b. is given as “they are present in different organ”.
Different cells enable different functions by organs through the expression of different genes. Organs are not responsible for cell diversity in the body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option d. is given as “different mutations have occurred in each kind of cells”.
Mutation is responsible for altering the function of a gene present in the cell. However, it cannot be associated with the diversity of cells present in the organism’s whole body. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options a., b., and d. are incorrect.
The bone cell, muscle cells, and skin cells look different due to the regulation of gene expression. Thereby, different kinds of proteins with different structures and functions are produced by each cell type.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
- How do the muscles on the foot work to balance on an ice skate, specifically the triangle of balance and how does it change when balancing on an ice skate? (Refer to anatomy, be specific)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT an example of passive immunization? A. Administration of tetanus toxoid B. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin C. Administration of rabies immunoglobulin D. Transfer of antibodies via plasma therapyarrow_forwardTranscription and Translation 1. What is the main function of transcription and translation? (2 marks) 2. How is transcription different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (2 marks) 3. Explain the difference between pre-mRNA and post-transcript mRNA. (2 marks) 4. What is the function of the following: (4 marks) i. the cap ii. spliceosome iii. Poly A tail iv. termination sequence 5. What are advantages to the wobble feature of the genetic code? (2 marks) 6. Explain the difference between the: (3 marks) i. A site & P site ii. codon & anticodon iii. gene expression and gene regulation 7. Explain how the stop codon allows for termination. (1 mark) 8. In your own words, summarize the process of translation. (2 marks)arrow_forward
- In this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forwardNeurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forward
- hoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forwardhoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forward7. Aerobic respiration of a protein that breaks down into 12 molecules of malic acid. Assume there is no other carbon source and no acetyl-CoA. NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 3arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College



