Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 19PS
Design a DNA microarray experiment that measures the difference in gene expression between normal colon cells and cells from a colon tumor.
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Consider the microarray in Figure 20.12. If a sample from normal tissue is labeled with a green fluorescent dye and a sample from cancerous tissue is labeled red, what color spots would represent genes you would be interested in if you were studying cancer? Explain.
Of the genes in the microarray shown in the lower part of Figure 20.10, are most overexpressed or underexpressed in tumors from patients that remained cancer free for at least five years? Explain your reasoning.
On the image, you can see the results of a DNA microarray used for cancer prognosis, where tissue samples from healthy and cancerous tissues were analyzed. cDNA from healthy cells and cancer cells were labeled with green and red fluorescence, respectively, mixed equally, and hybridized with the chip. It is known that gene A is more highly expressed in breast cancer type I, while genes B and C have lower expression in type II, which is highly aggressive. Based on the gene expression levels shown in the image, the cancer sample does not correspond to either type I or type II breast cancer, why is that?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Your bore cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look...Ch. 11 - A group of prokaryotic genes with related...Ch. 11 - The regulation of gene expression must be more...Ch. 11 - A eukaryotic gene was inserted into the DNA of a...Ch. 11 - How does DNA packing in chromosomes prevent gene...Ch. 11 - What evidence demonstrates that differentiated...Ch. 11 - The most common procedure for cloning an animal is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8SQCh. 11 - Prob. 9SQCh. 11 - Prob. 10SQ
Ch. 11 - What is the difference between oncogenes and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12SQCh. 11 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 11 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 15IMTCh. 11 - Study the depiction of the lac operon in Figure...Ch. 11 - The human body has a far greater variety of...Ch. 11 - Because a cat must have both orange and non-orange...Ch. 11 - Design a DNA microarray experiment that measures...Ch. 11 - Interpreting Data Review Figure 11.22 We can...Ch. 11 - A chemical called dioxin present in Agent Orange,...Ch. 11 - There are genetic tests for several types of...
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- Consider the retinoblastoma gene, which is 7,500bp long. If RNA polymerase can transcribe at the rate of 50 nucleotides/sec, how many retinoblastoma transcripts are produced in 10 minutes?arrow_forwardWhen doing the virtual DNA microarray analysis, which color (red, green or yellow) would the spot be if that gene was inappropriately inactivated in the cancer cell? When doing the virtual DNA microarray analysis, which color (red, green or yellow) indicated that the cancer cell had an activated a gene that is not normally as active in the non-cancerous version of the cell?arrow_forward1) What are the limitations of targeted versus whole-genome or whole-exome profiling of cancer mutations? 2) What can you infer about mutations that are common to almost all of the cells in a tumor? 3) Summarize the high-level differences between the VCF and MAF file formats. 4) How do germline and somatic mutations differ in terms of their effect on cancer risk and prognosis?arrow_forward
- Using a flow diagram, elaborate on how you would generate a recombinant plasmid that can be used for the expression of a therapeutic insulin.arrow_forwardRecombinant bacteria can produce hormones that are normally produced in humans. Briefly describe how this is accomplished.arrow_forward(2) Design an experiment on how would molecular genetic tools, such as DNA microarrays, be used to study human diseases, such as skin tumor cell growth or migration? How could they be used to study melanin expression in nomal skin cells? Rubric for Class Portfolio #1: Student creates an experiment with experimental and negative control group on hoW DNA microarrays can used to address how it can be used to monitor skin tumor cell growth and/or migration, as well as melanin gene expression.arrow_forward
- The MET oncogene is a growth factor receptor that is altered in many forms of cancer including lung and colon carcinomas as well as several forms of melanoma. One assay for characterizing the gene composition of tumor cells is Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) in which a fluorescently labeled DNA is used to show the presence of and level (i.e. number copies) of a gene inside cells. The experiment below is a FISH assay of two different tumor samples (Patient D and Patient E) using a MET gene probe labeled with a green fluorescent probe. The figure on the right presents the survival data from diagnosis of cancer patients with FISH data similar to Patient D or E. Based on this data, what has happened to the MET gene in Patient D population that has made their cancer more severe and reduced survival time (Limit 4-5 sentences). D Survival rate (%) 100 0 0 100 200 Time (days) 300 Earrow_forwardWhich vector is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?arrow_forwardDescribe the steps of the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. What are some of the scientific facts that can be learned through a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay?arrow_forward
- The diosgenin drug (DSG) has been tested on human cholangiocarcinoma cells (bile duct cancer cells). To this aim, the human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines HuCCT1, QBC939, SK-ChA-1, HuH28, RBE, and Mz-ChA-1 have been subjected to different conditions of treatment with DSG, then assessed for their viability using a MTS assay, and their cell cycle progression using flow cytometry (FCM).Note: The MTS assay is based on the reduction of the MTS tetrazolium compound by viable cells to generate a colored formazan dye that is soluble in cell culture media. This conversion is thoughtto be carried out by NAD(P)H-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes in metabolically active cells.The formazan dye is quantified by measuring its absorbance at 490-500 nm. Question : To which kind of biological molecule does this DSG drug resemble? To which kind of properties do you expect for DSG?arrow_forwardPlease express the following in detailarrow_forwardWhy is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ? Explain in detail the main findings. Please sort as a list.arrow_forward
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