Concept explainers
(a)
To explain: Why an individual test for the presence of general list of bacteria falls under “coliform’’.
Introduction: The contamination of water serves as the major source of disease outbreaks in humans. The world health organization (WHO) has determined that about 2 million individuals die per year due to the water-borne diseases. E. coli is the gram negative enteric bacteria that is usually present in the human feces and serve as the major cause of bloody diarrhea that spreads through water contaminated with feces.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
The coliform enteric bacteria are the major micro-organism present in the intestine of humans. The human feces contain pathogenic coliform bacteria that tend to cause various intestinal diseases when it is present in drinking water. Since total coliform bacteria is an indicator of the contamination of water, an individual test for the presence of general list of bacteria falls under “coliform”. In addition, all coliform bacteria cause typhoid, dysentery, cholera, and gastroenteritis.
(b)
To explain: Why an individual does not test just for Vibrio cholera, which is the major cause of the disease.
Introduction: Cholera is an endemic water-borne disease caused by the gram negative bacterium called vibrio cholera that invades the small intestine and produce toxins in humans. The children under the age of five are more susceptible to this disease rather than adults. The symptoms of cholera include fluid loss, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weakness, and fatigue
(b)
Explanation of Solution
The Vibrio cholera produces the enterotoxin in the human intestine that serves as a major cause of the disease cholera. However, there are other micro-organisms that cause certain diseases that resemble the symptoms of cholera. These micro-organisms are Shigella dysenteriae, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhi. The Salmonella bacteria cause Salmonellosis and Salmonella typhi causes typhoid. The common symptoms’ of these diseases includes fluid loss, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, weakness, and fatigue. Thus, the individual tests for all enteric micro-organisms without just testing for Vibrio cholera.
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