
Concept Introduction
Poverty: Poverty refers to a state of living by a person under which she/he has insufficient resources to satisfy the basic needs of living, such as food, shelter and clothing.

Explanation of Solution
a. The factor by which the poverty threshold has increased from 1983 to 2013.
Given,
Poverty threshold in 1983 is $5,180.
Poverty threshold in 2013 is $11,490.
- The poverty threshold is a measure which determines the population which is considered poor in a country. The population that falls under the poverty threshold is labeled as poor.
The formula to calculate an increase in poverty threshold is as follows:

Substitute $11,490 for poverty threshold in 2013 and $5,180 for poverty threshold in 1983 in the above formula:

- The threshold has increased to 221.81% in 2013 from 1983, hence it can be said that the threshold has almost doubled.
Conclusion:
Thus, the threshold is doubled between 1983 and 2013.
b. The factor by which the CPI has increased from 1983 to 2013.
Given,
CPI in 1983 is 99.6.
CPI in 2013 is 233.
The formula to calculate an increase in CPI is as follows:

Substitute 233 for CPI in 2013 and 99.6 for CPI in 1983 in the above formula:

The CPI has increased to 233.94% in 2013 from 1983, hence it can be said that the CPI has almost doubled.
Conclusion:
Thus, the CPI is doubled between 1983 and 2013.
c. The factor by which the GDP has increased from 1983 to 2013.
Given,
GDP in 1983 is $15,525.
GDP in 2013 is $53,086.
The formula to calculate an increase in GDP is as follows:

Substitute $53,086 for GDP in 2013 and $15,525 for GDP in 1983 in the above formula:

The GDP has increased to 341.94% in 2013 from 1983, hence it can be said that the GDP has almost tripled.
Conclusion:
Thus, the GDP is tripled between 1983 and 2013.
d. Effect on economically poor people over the years.
- It can be seen in parts a, b and c that between 1983 and 2013, the poverty threshold and CPI has doubled, whereas the GDP of the country has tripled.
- This implies that there is less effect on the poverty and threshold while the incomes of people have risen during the period by three times.
- Hence, the poor is not much affected as the rise in incomes is more than the rise in poverty and the rise in prices of commodities.
Conclusion:
Thus, the poor are less affected as compared to the GDP of a country.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Essentials of Economics
- Evaluate the effectiveness of supply and demand models in predicting labor market outcomes. Justify your assessment with specific examples from real-world labor markets.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics? 2.) Explain what fiscal policy is and then explain what Monetary Policy is? 3.) Why is opportunity cost and give one example from your own of opportunity cost. 4.) What are models and what model did we already discuss in class? 5.) What is meant by scarcity of resources?arrow_forward2. What is the payoff from a long futures position where you are obligated to buy at the contract price? What is the payoff from a short futures position where you are obligated to sell at the contract price?? Draw the payoff diagram for each position. Payoff from Futures Contract F=$50.85 S1 Long $100 $95 $90 $85 $80 $75 $70 $65 $60 $55 $50.85 $50 $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 Shortarrow_forward
- 3. Consider a call on the same underlier (Cisco). The strike is $50.85, which is the forward price. The owner of the call has the choice or option to buy at the strike. They get to see the market price S1 before they decide. We assume they are rational. What is the payoff from owning (also known as being long) the call? What is the payoff from selling (also known as being short) the call? Payoff from Call with Strike of k=$50.85 S1 Long $100 $95 $90 $85 $80 $75 $70 $65 $60 $55 $50.85 $50 $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 Shortarrow_forward4. Consider a put on the same underlier (Cisco). The strike is $50.85, which is the forward price. The owner of the call has the choice or option to buy at the strike. They get to see the market price S1 before they decide. We assume they are rational. What is the payoff from owning (also known as being long) the put? What is the payoff from selling (also known as being short) the put? Payoff from Put with Strike of k=$50.85 S1 Long $100 $95 $90 $85 $80 $75 $70 $65 $60 $55 $50.85 $50 $45 $40 $35 $30 $25 Shortarrow_forwardThe following table provides information on two technology companies, IBM and Cisco. Use the data to answer the following questions. Company IBM Cisco Systems Stock Price Dividend (trailing 12 months) $150.00 $50.00 $7.00 Dividend (next 12 months) $7.35 Dividend Growth 5.0% $2.00 $2.15 7.5% 1. You buy a futures contract instead of purchasing Cisco stock at $50. What is the one-year futures price, assuming the risk-free interest rate is 6%? Remember to adjust the futures price for the dividend of $2.15.arrow_forward
- 5. Consider a one-year European-style call option on Cisco stock. The strike is $50.85, which is the forward price. The risk-free interest rate is 6%. Assume the stock price either doubles or halves each period. The price movement corresponds to u = 2 and d = ½ = 1/u. S1 = $100 Call payoff= SO = $50 S1 = $25 Call payoff= What is the call payoff for $1 = $100? What is the call payoff for S1 = $25?arrow_forwardMC The diagram shows a pharmaceutical firm's demand curve and marginal cost curve for a new heart medication for which the firm holds a 20-year patent on its production. Assume this pharmaceutical firm charges a single price for its drug. At its profit-maximizing level of output, it will generate a total profit represented by OA. areas J+K. B. areas F+I+H+G+J+K OC. areas E+F+I+H+G. D. - it is not possible to determine with the informatio OE. the sum of areas A through K. (...) Po P1 Price F P2 E H 0 G B Q MR D ōarrow_forwardPrice Quantity $26 0 The marketing department of $24 20,000 Johnny Rockabilly's record company $22 40,000 has determined that the demand for his $20 60,000 latest CD is given in the table at right. $18 80,000 $16 100,000 $14 120,000 The record company's costs consist of a $240,000 fixed cost of recording the CD, an $8 per CD variable cost of producing and distributing the CD, plus the cost of paying Johnny for his creative talent. The company is considering two plans for paying Johnny. Plan 1: Johnny receives a zero fixed recording fee and a $4 per CD royalty for each CD that is sold. Plan 2: Johnny receives a $400,000 fixed recording fee and zero royalty per CD sold. Under either plan, the record company will choose the price of Johnny's CD so as to maximize its (the record company's) profit. The record company's profit is the revenues minus costs, where the costs include the costs of production, distribution, and the payment made to Johnny. Johnny's payment will be be under plan 2 as…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the best example of perfect price discrimination? A. Universities give entry scholarships to poorer students. B. Students pay lower prices at the local theatre. ○ C. A hotel charges for its rooms according to the number of days left before the check-in date. ○ D. People who collect the mail coupons get discounts at the local food store. ○ E. An airline offers a discount to students.arrow_forwardConsider the figure at the right. The profit of the single-price monopolist OA. is shown by area D+H+I+F+A. B. is shown by area A+I+F. OC. is shown by area D + H. ○ D. is zero. ○ E. cannot be calculated or shown with just the information given in the graph. (C) Price ($) B C D H FIG шо E MC ATC A MR D = AR Quantityarrow_forwardConsider the figure. A perfectly price-discriminating monopolist will produce ○ A. 162 units and charge a price equal to $69. ○ B. 356 units and charge a price equal to $52 for the last unit sold only. OC. 162 units and charge a price equal to $52. OD. 356 units and charge a price equal to the perfectly competitive price. Dollars per Unit $69 $52 MR 162 356 Output MC Darrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education





