Introduction:
Infection is the whole process of entry of the disease-causing agents in the body of an organism, their multiplication and the production of toxins by them. Infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, prions, nematodes, arthropods, and various other infectious agents.
Answer to Problem 1NP
Correct answer:
The progression of infection is promoted by the proper portal of entry, lack of previous exposure to infection, and host immunosuppression. Therefore, options (b), (d), and (e) are correct.
Option (b) is given as “proper portal of entry”, option (d) is given as “no previous exposure to this infection”, and option (e) is given as “host immunosuppression”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reason for the correct statement:
The way through which infectious agent enters the body of the host is known as the portal of entry. This provides access to the tissues where infectious agents multiply. The portal of entry plays an important role, for example, influenza virus enters the respiratory tract through the inhalation of droplets.
Without prior exposure to the infection, the body does not have antibodies against this pathogen. It takes time to generate antibodies. The infectious agents take advantage of it and multiply at a faster rate.
Immuno-compromised and immune-suppressed individuals have a weak immune system which is not able to generate antibodies and fight against the disease. So infectious agents enter their body easily and infect different tissues.
Hence, options (b), (d), and (e) are correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “low microbial virulence”.
Virulence can be defined as the extent of damage that can be caused by any microbe. Low virulence refers to the low extent of the damage. This way, the pathogen cannot multiply within the body of hosts. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “genetic profile of host resistance to microbe”.
Genetic profile of host resistance to infectious agent or microbe is not very important since the body of host responds to each of the microbes in its own manner and first exposure to the microbe is an example that genetic profile is not so important. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a) and (c) are incorrect.
The progression of an infection depends on the correct portal of entry, no previous exposure to this infection, and host immunosuppression.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 11 Solutions
MICRO. FUND. CONNECT CODE W/VIRTUAL LAB
- Price of visit Number of visits $700 0 $600 [1 $500 2 $400 3 $300 4 00000 The Table blow gives the demand curve for doctor visits for Elena. If the price of a doctor's visit is $600, and Elena does not have health insurance, she will visit the doctor times. If Elena obtains 50% coinsurance (the company pays 50% of the medical bill, Elena pays 50%), then Elena will visit the doctor times. 1; 2 0; 3 0; 2 1;4 2; 1arrow_forwardP 200 150- 100 50 w/instrance/ w/insurance 2 100 Demand Assume that the white curve (labeled "Demand") represents an individual's true demand for this particular health care service. The coinsurance associated with insurance option 1 (in blue) is likely _. 0000 100% 25% 50% 0%arrow_forwardUse the figure below. Bob and Nancy have the same income and total utility.. willingness to pay for an insurance premium will be lower than because they are. risk- averse. Total utility Current utility Bob's utility Nancy's utility 0000 Bob; Nancy; less Nancy; Bob; less Nancy; Bob; more Bob; Nancy; more Current Income incomearrow_forward
- Consider the figure below. Suppose the true price of a health care service is P1. Suppose further that the individual has obtained insurance that has a fixed copayment for this particular service. The copayment is represented by price P2. represents the quantity of the service the individual would consume without insurance. quantity of the service the individual would consume with the insurance. Health Care Service represents the P. P₂ a Q1;Q2 Q2; Q3 Q1; Q3 Q3; Q1 Q2; Q1 फ f Q ८ g d h Q3\D 7Q 00000arrow_forwardThe table shows the utility Jordan receives at various income levels, but they do not know what their income will be next year. There is a 15% chance their income will be $25,000, a 20% chance their income will be $35,000, and a 65% chance their income will be $45,000. We know that Jordan is Income $25,000 Utility 2,800 30,000 3,200 35,000 3,500 40,000 3,700 45,000 3,800 ☐ none of the above 0 000 risk taker (lover) because their marginal utility of income is increasing risk neutral because their marginal utility of income is constant risk averse because their marginal utility of income is decreasing risk neutral because their marginal utility of income is decreasingarrow_forwardOOOO a d+e d a+b+c Consider the figure below. Suppose the true price of a health care service is P1. Suppose further that the individual has obtained insurance that has a fixed copayment for this particular service. The copayment is represented by price P2. The social loss from moral hazard if the individual has copayment P2 is represented graphically by the area(s): Health Care Service P. a No 4 ८ e g Q2 Q3 Darrow_forward
- OOO O The table shows the utility Jordan receives at various income levels, but they do not know what their income will be next year. There is a 15% chance their income will be $25,000, a 20% chance their income will be $35,000, and a 65% chance their income will be $45,000. We know that Jordan's expected income is. Their utility from their expected income is_ Income $25,000 Utility 2,800 30,000 3,200 35,000 3,500 40,000 3,700 45,000 3,800 $45,000; 3,800 $40,000; 3,700 $25,000; 2,800 $35,000; 3,500 $30,000; 3,200arrow_forwardQuestion 1 Classify the Bird Mark 7; how is it: Powered Triggered Cycled Classify brid mark 7 Powered: By gas (oxygen) Triggered: Negative Pressure, caused by the patient’s inspiratory effort Cycled: The machine stops delivering gas and allows for exhalationarrow_forwardHypothetical "pedigree" for Sickle Cellarrow_forward
- would this be considered a novel protein and if not how can I fix it so it is and can you draw the corrections pleasearrow_forwardIn as much detail as possible, hand draw a schematic diagram of the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonad (HPG) axis in the human male. Be sure to include all the relevant structures and hormones. You must define all abbreviations the first time you use them. Please include (and explain) the feedback loops.arrow_forwardA negligence action was brought by a mother against a hospital on behalf of her minor daughter. It alleged that when the mother was 13 years of age, the hospital negligently transfused her with Rh-positive blood. The mother's Rh-negative blood was incompatible with and sensitized by the Rh-positive blood. The mother discovered her condition 8 years later during a routine blood screening ordered by her healthcare provider in the course of prenatal care. The resulting sensitization of the mother's blood allegedly caused damage to the fetus, resulting in physical defects and premature birth. Did a patient relationship with the transfusing hospital exist?arrow_forward
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781111306663Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul PricePublisher:Cengage Learning
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage