Connect APR & PHILS Access Card for Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260162455
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Theresa Bidle
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1.1, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: The science of anatomy.
Concept introduction: Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the study of structure and form of living organisms.
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 1 Solutions
Connect APR & PHILS Access Card for Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
Ch. 1.1 -
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the science of...Ch. 1.1 -
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2. List the subdivisions in...Ch. 1.1 - WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
1 How might knowledge of...Ch. 1.1 -
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3. Describe the science of...Ch. 1.1 -
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
4. List the subdivisions in...Ch. 1.1 - What is the relationship between anatomy and...Ch. 1.1 - __________ physiology examines how the heart,...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 1.2 - Compare and contrast how anatomists and...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 7LO
Ch. 1.4 - WHAT DO YOU THINK?
1 When you digest a meal,...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 1.4 - Prob. 8LOCh. 1.4 - Prob. 7WDLCh. 1.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
9. Compare the organ systems of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 8WDLCh. 1.5 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
10. Describe the anatomic...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 11LOCh. 1.5 - What type of plane would separate the nose and...Ch. 1.5 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
12. Define the different...Ch. 1.5 - Which directional term would be most appropriate...Ch. 1.5 - The term antebrachial refers to which body region?Ch. 1.5 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
14. Describe the body cavities...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 15LOCh. 1.5 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 1.5 - Which body cavity is associated with the lungs,...Ch. 1.5 - Prob. 16LOCh. 1.5 - If a physician makes an incision into the abdomen...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 17LOCh. 1.6 - List and describe the three components of a...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 19LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 20LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 1.6 - Prob. 21LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 22LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 16WDLCh. 1.7 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
23. Explain the general...Ch. 1.7 - What is an example of a disease process by which...Ch. 1 - Examining the superficial anatomic markings and...Ch. 1 - The __________ level of organization is composed...Ch. 1 - The term __________ refers to the sum of all...Ch. 1 - A midsagittal plane separates the body into a....Ch. 1 - The term used to describe an appendage structure...Ch. 1 - The __________ region is the anterior part of the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7DYBCh. 1 - The __________ is the serous membrane layer that...Ch. 1 - The state of maintaining a constant internal...Ch. 1 - Prob. 10DYBCh. 1 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 1 - List the levels of organization in a human,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13DYBCh. 1 - Do You Know the Basics?
14. Name the eleven organ...Ch. 1 - Describe the body in the anatomic position. Why is...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16DYBCh. 1 - What are the two body cavities within the...Ch. 1 - Describe the structure and function of serous...Ch. 1 - What are the main components in a homeostatic...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20DYBCh. 1 - Your friend Eric complains of some pain in his...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CALCh. 1 - Your friend Eric complains of some pain in his...Ch. 1 - When you are outside on a hot, humid day, what...Ch. 1 - A friend just started taking Zoloft (an SSRI) and...Ch. 1 - Lynn was knocked off her bicycle during a race....Ch. 1 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 1 - Prob. 3CSL
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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