Chapter 11, Problem 17P

a. A repeated-measures study with a sample of $n=16$ participants produces a mean difference of $M_d=3$ with a standard deviation of $s=4$ . Use a two-tailed hypothesis test with $\alpha =.05$ to determine whether this sample provides evidence of a significant treatment effect.

b. Now assume that the sample standard deviation is $s=12$ and repeat the hypothesis test.

c. Explain how the size of the sample standard deviation influences the likelihood of finding a significant mean difference.