The relative numbers of Cl 2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K . Concept introduction: The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below. N 1 N 0 = exp ( − h c v ˜ k T )

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

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The SN 1 mechanism starts with the rate-determining step which is the dissociation of the alkyl halide into a carbocation and a halide ion. The next step is the rapid reaction of the carbocation intermediate with the nucleophile; this step completes the nucleophilic substitution stage. The step that follows the nucleophilic substitution is a fast acid-base reaction. The nucleophile now acts as a base to remove the proton from the oxonium ion from the previous step, to give the observed product. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the reaction, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonzero formal charges. Cl: Add/Remove step G Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 11C.5AE

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 298K.

Concept introduction:

The complex vibrations exhibit by the polyatomic molecule is known as normal modes of vibrations. The vibrational modes of a molecule are IR or Raman active. If a molecule has a centre of symmetry, then the modes which are IR-active will be Raman inactive and the modes that are IR-inactive will be Raman active. The relative population at two vibrational states is given by Boltzmann distribution as shown below.

N1N0=exp(−hcv˜kT)

Answer 8

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

Answer 9

(ii)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11A.1ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11A.2ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11B.1ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11B.2ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11B.3ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11B.4ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11C.1ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11C.2ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11D.1ST Ch. 11 - Prob. 11E.1ST

Interpretation: The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K. Concept introduction: As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Interpretation:

The relative numbers of Cl2 molecules in the ground and first excited vibrational state has to be calculated at 500K.

Concept introduction:

As mentioned in the concept of introduction in part (i).