Chapter 11, Problem 11.5TC

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The elements $\text{C, N, F}$ in the increasing order of ionization energy are to be arranged.

Concept introduction:

Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to take away an electron from the outermost valence shell of the element. The trend which is followed along the period from left to right is that the ionization energy keeps on increasing.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbols of elements of Period $2$ from each of the chemical families (halogens, alkali metals, noble gases, and alkaline earths) are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Elements with the same chemical properties are found in the same group or vertical column. Some of the group of elements are known as chemical families.

Family trends are mostly found among the main group elements. For example, noble gases, halogens, and alkali metals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The atoms of elements $\text{N, O, P}$ are to listed in the increasing order of atomic size.

Concept introduction:

Effective nuclear charge is the charge that is effectively attracting the electrons present in a particular shell. The effective nuclear charge keeps on increasing while moving along a period from left to right. Increase in the effective nuclear charge is responsible for the trends of many properties.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The elements of Period $3$ those are metals, non-metals and metalloids are to be stated

Concept introduction:

Metals are the elements that have the tendency of losing one or two electrons to gain a positive charge. Non-metal generally gain electrons. Metalloids are the elements that share the property of both metals and non-metals.