Equipment upgrade versus replacement. (A. Spero, adapted) The TechGuide Company produces and sells 7,500 modular computer desks per year at a selling price of $750 each. Its current production equipment, purchased for $1,800,000 and with a five-year useful life, is only two years old. It has a terminal disposal value of $0 and is
All equipment costs will continue to be depreciated on a straight-line basis. For simplicity, ignore income taxes and the time value of money.
- 1. Should TechGuide upgrade its production line or replace it? Show your calculations.
Required
- 2. Now suppose the one-time equipment cost to replace the production equipment is somewhat negotiable. All other data are as given previously. What is the maximum one-time equipment cost that TechGuide would be willing to pay to replace rather than upgrade the old equipment?
- 3. Assume that the capital expenditures to replace and upgrade the production equipment are as given in the original exercise, but that the production and sales quantity is not known. For what production and sales quantity would TechGuide (i) upgrade the equipment or (ii) replace the equipment?
- 4. Assume that all data are as given in the original exercise. Dan Doria is TechGuide’s manager, and his bonus is based on operating income. Because he is likely to relocate after about a year, his current bonus is his primary concern. Which alternative would Doria choose? Explain.
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EBK HORNGREN'S COST ACCOUNTING
- Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardNewmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?arrow_forwardAn assembly operation at a software company currently requires $100,000 per year in labor costs. A robot can be purchased and installed to automate this operation, and the robot will cost $200,000 with no MV at the end of its 10-year life. The robot, if acquired, will be depreciated using SL depreciation to a terminal BV of zero after 10 years. Maintenance and operation expenses of the robot are estimated to be $64,000 per year. Thecompany has an effective income tax rate of 40%. Invested capital must earn at least 8% after income taxes are taken into account. Solve, a. Use the IRR method to determine if the robot is a justifiable investment. b.If MACRS (seven-year recovery period) had been used in Part (a), would the after-tax IRR be lower or higher than your answer to Part (a)?arrow_forward
- Your company is considering the purchase of a new 623K Wheel Tractor-Scraper. Use the following information to calculate the hourly owning costs, hourly operating costs, and total owning and operating costs. - Delivered price (with tires): $420,000 - Cost of Tires: $30,000 and their life is determined by the average operation in zone B. - Salvage value is zero - the equipment is new and it is anticipated to be used for 5 years, until end of its service life. - Anticipated operating hours per year: 2,000 hrs/yr - Simple interest rate for purchase loan: 12% - Annual cost of Insurance: $5,500 (See optional method) - Property tax rate: 2% - Fuel use will be average value in medium range - Cost of fuel: $3.10 per gallon - Hourly Maintenance Cost: $5.00 per hour - Repair cost: $11.00 per hour - Operator cost (with fringes): $75 per hour - No undercarriage or special wear items costs…arrow_forwardUrmilabenarrow_forwardA conveyor system was purchased three years ago for $60,000 with an expected useful life of 10 years and no expected salvage value. Due to a change in product configuration, the conveyor system must be upgraded at a cost of $20,000. Maintenance on this system is approximately $4000 per year and the current system has a market value of $2000. Alternatively, the current system can be replaced with new equipment costing $65,000, with operating costs of $1,000 per year and an expected salvage of $10,000 after 7 years. Determine whether the company should keep or replace the defender now at an MARR of 15% per year. The current system is the Defender and the new system is the Challenger. What is the annual worth of the challenger?arrow_forward
- DelRay Foods must purchase a new gumdrop machine. Two machines are available. Machine 7745 has a first cost of $10,000, an estimated life of 10 years, a salvage value of $1,000, and annual operating costs estimated at $0.01 per 1,000 gumdrops. Machine A37Y has a first cost of $8,000, a life of 10 years, and no salvage value. Its annual operating costs will be $300 regardless of the number of gumdrops produced. MARR is 6%/yr, and 30 million gumdrops are produced each year. Based on an internal rate of return analysis, which machine (if either) should be recommended?arrow_forwardDelRay Foods must purchase a new gumdrop machine. Two machines are available. Machine 7745 has a first cost of $10,000, an estimated life of 10 years, a salvage value of $1,000, and annual operating costs estimated at $0.01 per 1,000 gumdrops. Machine A37Y has a first cost of $9,000, a life of 10 years, and no salvage value. Its annual operating costs will be $250 regardless of the number of gumdrops produced. MARR is 8% per year, and 15 million gumdrops are produced each year. Which machine should be recommended? Machine A37Y Machine 7745 Both Machines Do nothingarrow_forwardMetlock Inc. wants to replace its current equipment with new high-tech equipment. The existing equipment was purchased 5 years ago at a cost of $121,000. At that time, the equipment had an expected life of 10 years, with no expected salvage value. The equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis. Currently, the market value of the old equipment is $43.500. The new equipment can be bought for $173,440, including installation. Over its 10-year life, it will reduce operating expenses from $190,600 to $148,700 for the first six years, and from $202,600 to $191,800 for the last four years. Net working capital requirements will also increase by $20,900 at the time of replacement. It is estimated that the company can sell the new equipment for $24,100 at the end of its life. Since the new equipment's cash flows are relatively certain, the project's cost of capital is set at 10%, compared with 15% for an average-risk project. The firm's maximum acceptable payback period is 5 years.…arrow_forward
- Santana Rey is considering the purchase of equipment for Business Solutions that would allow the company to add a new product to its computer furniture line. The equipment is expected to cost $280,000 and to have a five-year life and no salvage value. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. Business Solutions expects to sell 100 units of the equipment’s product each year. The expected annual income related to this equipment follows. Sales $ 385,000 Costs Materials, labor, and overhead (except depreciation) 193,000 Depreciation on new equipment 56,000 Selling and administrative expenses 32,000 Total costs and expenses 281,000 Pretax income 104,000 Income taxes (30%) 31,200 Net income $ 72,800 Required: (1) Compute the payback period. (2) Compute the accounting rate of return for this equipment.arrow_forwardDuluth Medico purchased a digital imageprocessing machine three years ago at a cost of$50,000. The machine had an expected life of eightyears at the time of purchase and an expected salvagevalue of $5,000 at the end of the eight years. Theold machine has been slow at handling the increasedbusiness volume, so management is consideringreplacing the machine. A new machine can be purchased for $75,000, including installation costs.Over its five-year life, the machine will reduce cashoperating expenses by $30,000 per year. Sales arenot expected to change. At the end of its useful life,the machine is estimated to be worthless. The oldmachine can be sold today for $10,000. The firm’sinterest rate for project justification is known to be15%. The firm does not expect a better machine(other than the current challenger) to be available forthe next five years. Assuming that the economic service life of the new machine, as well as the remaininguseful life of the old machine, is five years,(a)…arrow_forwardSantana Rey is considering the purchase of equipment for Business Solutions that would allow the company to add a new product to its computer furniture line. The equipment is expected to cost $300,000 and to have a six-year life and no salvage value. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. Business Solutions expects to sell 100 units of the equipment’s product each year. The expected annual income related to this equipment follows. Sales . $375,000 Costs Materials, labor, and overhead (except depreciation) . 200,000 Depreciation on new equipment 50,000 Selling and administrative expenses 37,500 Total costs and expenses 287,500 Pretax income 87,500 Income taxes (30%) . 26,250 Net income . $ 61,250 Required Compute the (1) payback period and (2) accounting rate of return for this equipment. Report ARR in percent, rounded to one decimal.arrow_forward
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