Different isomers from replacing two hydrogen atoms of ethylene by a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom have to be derived. Also the structures, name, and type of isomers have to be indicated. Concept introduction: Structural isomer: Molecules having same molecular formula but has different bonding arrangements of atoms. Geometric isomers of Alkenes : Cis-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are adjacent to each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer. Trans-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are across from each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer. Alkene nomenclature: The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified. The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain. While numbering the longest chain, the double bond should get least possible number. Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order. Cis-isomer is mentioned as (Z) and trans-isomer is mentioned as (E) as prefix.

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Chapter 11, Problem 11.21QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Different isomers from replacing two hydrogen atoms of ethylene by a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom have to be derived. Also the structures, name, and type of isomers have to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Structural isomer: Molecules having same molecular formula but has different bonding arrangements of atoms.

Geometric isomers of Alkenes:

Cis-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are adjacent to each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.

Trans-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are across from each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.

Alkene nomenclature:

The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.

The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.

While numbering the longest chain, the double bond should get least possible number.

Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.

Cis-isomer is mentioned as (Z) and trans-isomer is mentioned as (E) as prefix.

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