Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 10.L1, Problem 6WC
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
- Why PCR is unlikely to amplify contaminating bacterial DNA in a sample of human DNA.
- How PCR can be used to pick a gene out of a complex genome.
Introduction:
Polymerase chain reaction is a laboratory technique that uses cycles of heating and cooling, and a heat tolerant DNA polymerase to rapidly duplicate a DNA sample to make billions of copies, in a short period of time.
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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?
The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.
An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.
A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.
Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.
The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
Chapter 10 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 10.1 - Define genetic engineering, and describe some of...Ch. 10.1 - Explain the properties of DNA that lend to its...Ch. 10.1 - Summarize the major methods of analyzing DMA and...Ch. 10.1 - Describe the technology behind Identifying,...Ch. 10.1 - Define genetic engineering and biotechnology, and...Ch. 10.1 - Describe the processes involved in denaturing and...Ch. 10.1 - Define restriction endonuclease and explain what...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 10.1 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 10.1 - How would you make a copy of DNA from an mRNA...
Ch. 10.1 - Briefly summarize the steps involved in DNA...Ch. 10.1 - Outline the steps in the PCR technique and...Ch. 10.1 - What are the functions of primer and Taq...Ch. 10.2 - Explain what is involved in recombinant DNA...Ch. 10.2 - Characterize the events in cloning, using an...Ch. 10.2 - List and discuss some protein products of...Ch. 10.2 - What characteristics of plasmids and...Ch. 10.2 - Name several types of vectors, and list the types...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the basic principles behind recombinant...Ch. 10.2 - Summarize the characteristics of bacteria and...Ch. 10.2 - Outline the main steps in cloning a gene,...Ch. 10.2 - What is one way to determine whether a bacterial...Ch. 10.2 - Characterize several products that have resulted...Ch. 10.3 - Define what is meant by the term transgenic or...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the uses of genetically modified bacteria...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 10.3 - Explain how DNA technology can be used to treat...Ch. 10.3 - Describe several uses of genetically modified...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 10.3 - Why must animals usually be modified in the embryo...Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 10.3 - What are some ethical and biological...Ch. 10.4 - Outline the uses of gene therapy and gene editing...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 10.4 - Describe several applications of DNA profiling and...Ch. 10.4 - Describe what a DNA fingerprint is and why and how...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 10.4 - Explain the origins of mtDNA and its importance in...Ch. 10.4 - Explain the difference between a DNA profile and a...Ch. 10.L1 - Which gene is incorporated into plasmids to detect...Ch. 10.L1 - Which of the following is not essential to carry...Ch. 10.L1 - Which of the following is not a part of the Sanger...Ch. 10.L1 - The function of ligase is to a. rejoin segments of...Ch. 10.L1 - The pathogen of plant roots that is used as a...Ch. 10.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 10.L1 - Which DNA fragment will be closest to the top...Ch. 10.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 10.L1 - For which of the following would not require a...Ch. 10.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 10.L1 - What type of mutation caused Nicholas’s disease?...Ch. 10.L1 - Which type of cells were used to extract the DNA...Ch. 10.L1 - Lay out the genetics of Nicholas’s case,...Ch. 10.L1 - a. Why do bacteria make restriction endonucleases?...Ch. 10.L1 - a. Using nucleotide letters, show the kind of cut...Ch. 10.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 10.L1 - a. Explain what hybridization is and how it is...Ch. 10.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 10.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 10.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 10.L1 - Explain the kinds of study involved in genomics,...Ch. 10.L2 - a. Give an example of a benefit of genetic...Ch. 10.L2 - a. When gene probes, fingerprinting, and...Ch. 10.L2 - Which suspect is the likely perpetrator according...Ch. 10.L2 - a. Describe how a virus might be genetically...Ch. 10.L2 - You are on a jury to decide whether a person...Ch. 10.L2 - a. Explain how the fish and game department, using...Ch. 10.L2 - What are some of the major impediments to...Ch. 10.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 10.L2 - Describe the main differences between genome...Ch. 10.L2 - Below are two unrelated DNA paternity tests: one...Ch. 10.L2 - Figure 9.25d, shown here, shows the original...
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- With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forward
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